The Biosphere
What is the difference between weather and climate?
weather can change rapidly (short term, day-to-day changes), climate is defined by patterns and averages of temperatures, precipitation, clouds, and wind
What is the ultimate source of energy for all life on Earth?
the sun
Where does photosynthesis occur?
chloroplasts
Where does cellular respiration occur?
mitochondria
What is the difference between an abiotic factor and a biotic factor?
abiotic factors are nonliving, biotic factors are living
Name the 6 levels of organization within the biosphere from smallest to largest. Begin with "species."
species, population, community, ecosystem, biome, biosphere
What organisms make up the foundation of food chains/food webs?
producers or autotrophs
What is the name of the pigment required for photosynthesis to occur?
chlorophyll
Yes - ALL PLANTS!
Define ecology.
the study of nature's organisms, their homes, and interactions based on energy and nutrients
Each step within a food chain or food web is called a ___.
trophic level
What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis? Can be written or described with words.
solar energy + H2O + CO2 --> C6H12O6 + O2
What is the chemical equation for cellular respiration? Can be written or described with words.
C6H12O6 + O2 --> CO2 + H2O + ATP
Describe a food chain from a book or movie. You must include at least 4 trophic levels.
Answers will vary.
Name two greenhouse gases.
What is the difference between a food chain and a food web?
food webs show a full network of interactions, while food chains show one pathway through that network
What form of energy does photosynthesis need to occur? What form of energy does it produce?
solar (sun) energy is needed to occur, glucose (chemical energy) is produced
What form of energy does cellular energy need to occur? What form of energy does it produce?
glucose (chemical energy) is needed for it to occur, ATP (other chemical energy) is produced
Name one type of organism that may not be directly included in a food chain/food web.
decomposers, detritivores
What is one nonhuman cause of climate change?
changes in solar energy, variations in Earth's orbit, meteorite impacts, changes in the distributions of continents and oceans, mountains, volcanic activity
Name one type of pyramid in ecology other than an energy pyramid.
biomass, numbers
What does the prefix "photo" in photosynthesis mean in Greek?
"light"
What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?
aerobic respiration requires oxygen, anaerobic respiration does not directly require oxygen
What does ATP stand for?
adenosine triphosphate