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Water
Land
SARA
Landscape Dynamics1
Landscape Dynamics2
100
Why is freshwater more productive?
-it tends to be shallower than the ocean, which allows for photosynthesis. Light cannot reach the bottom of deep water because it absorbs light. This is why deep water ecology is based on sunken nutrients or chemoautotrophy.
100
Temp is much more variable on land than in water. Name some strategies to endure variable temperature.
endothermy vs. ectothermy homeothermy vs. poikilothermy
100
What is the purpose of SARA?
-Prevent species from being lost from the wild in Canada -Recover species that are threatened or endangered -Manage species of special concern to ensure their persistence.
100
Explain why ecosystem function must always be put into perspective.
Small windows of disturbance/recovery don't always tell the whole story. Sometimes a seemingly low function ecosystem is actually on its way to becoming very functional down the road.
100
What is primary productivity and how do chemoautotrophs and photoautotrophs perform it?
-the rate at which C02 is converted into organic compounds. -with energy from chemical compounds -with energy from sunlight (photosynthesis)
200
What can fall turnovers lead to?
Plankton blooms
200
Discuss what soil is made of, what it is used for and where ti comes from.
-air, water, minerals and OM -it is a medium for plant growth and habitat for animal life -comes from rock (parent material), becomes fragmented, mixes with OM and becomes soil = weathering
200
Explain the SARA pyramid
-EXTINCT. doesn't exists anywhere -EXTIRPATED. gone from canada -ENDANGERED. facing extinction/extirpation -THREATENED. need to reverse threats -SPECIAL CONCERN. Sensitive to human activities and natural events.
200
Explain entropy and the 2 types of chemical reactions.
-entropy=the amount of unavailable energy. It increases when energy exchanges. -Exothermic reactions (energy is lost forma system) -Endothermic reactions (energy is absorbed by a system)
200
What are the primary controls of NPP? What is the NPP equation? What is compensation depth?
- Climate (solar radiation) and nutrient availability. - NPP=GPP-R - GPP=R, NPP=0
300
Discuss thermal stratification and explain/draw the 3 levels in a water column
heating from above+density changes=stratification "During the fall, the warm surface water begins to cool. As water cools, it becomes more dense, causing it to sink. This dense water forces the water of the hypolimnion to rise, turning over the layers." -epilimnion (warm, low density surface waters) -thermocline (zone of rapid temp change) -hypolimnion(cold, high density, deep waters)
300
Discuss field capacity, wilting point and available water capacity.
-water retained by soil against drainage -water supply below what a plant needs -AWC=FC-WP
300
What is the importance of describing critical habitat to the fullest?
Helps to determine the temporal use, features, function and essential attributes of the habitat. This will aid with the SARA process.
300
Explain the 2 laws of thermodynamics
1ST- Energy is neither created nor destroyed. No gain or loss in total energy occurs. 2ND- Transformations of energy always result in some loss or dissipation of energy (potential energy of the final state will be lower than the initial state)
300
What are the 2 major food chains and what are their energy flow directions?
-grazing food chain (source of energy for herbivores is living plant biomass). Unidirectional. -detrital food chain (source of energy for decomposers is dead OM or detritus. Not unidirectional.
400
Why is water the most important chemical on earth?
-75-95% of living cells -75% of earth's surface -exists in all 3 phases -chemical properties of water define life in all ecosystems
400
Explain the 5 components of soil formation via weathering.
-PARENT MATERIAL. Comes from bedrock or transported finer material (glacial till,, sand, volcanic ash). -CLIMATE. Warmer and more water increases weathering, leaching and organics via plant growth and causes faster decomp. -BIOTA. Plants roots break up PM, plants contribute to OM, decomposers release nutrients to soil. -TOPOGRAPHY. Steep slopes cause more soil erosion, surface runoff, less biota. -TIME. All the processes take time. Older soils are thicker, more fertile and more layered.
400
Explain the 3 steps of SARA
Step 1: COSEWIC assesses wildlife status. Status criteria considers population declines, restricted/reduces range and probability of extinction. Step 2: Gov't determines impact of listing the species (socio-economic analysis, recovery potential assessments and consultations. Step 3: Decision making with 3 possible outcomes (list species under SARA, don't, refer species back to COSEWIC).
400
Draw the trophic structure of an ecosystem.
check notes
400
DAILY DOUBLE What is the name of the jeopardy game show host on TV and what country is he from?
Alex Trebek Canada
500
Discuss the 5 consequences of Hydrogen Bonding in water
-high specific heat -high latent heat -high surface tension -high viscosity -high solubility of polar compounds (why the sea is salty)
500
Discuss desiccation, gravity, and light as important features of the terrestrial environment.
-depends on temp and humidity. Evaporation happens when air is not water saturated. this can lead to desiccation -limits heights of plants and sizes of animals -drives circadian rhythms. Incoming light determined by earths orbit, atmosphere and latitude.
500
Name 2 species that fall under each pyramid category
Check notes for these answers
500
What is landscape pattern define by? What are the different patch types and how can they influence ecology?
-the spatial arrangement and connectivity of patches. -matrix, patch, edges, corridors. -edges can create edge effects, corridors can help connectivity but can also cause filter effect. They can also be pathways for disease.
500
Explain the difference sources of organic carbon for small vs. large lakes and why?
Autochthonous- Organic carbon produced within ecosystem Allochthonous- Organic carbo produced outside of ecosystem large lakes require mostly autochthonous but allochthonous varies seasonally. Small lakes require allochthonous.