General
The proximate and ultimate mechanisms underpinning a given behavior can be identified by asking _____ and _____ questions, respectively.
How, Why
When investigating animal behavior, this level of analysis asks how a behavior is shaped during an individuals lifetime, as influenced by genetics, learning, and experience.
Development/Ontogeny
In the research article titled "An extreme cold event leads to community wide convergence in lower temperature tolerance in a lizard community", researchers Stroud et al. examined how well lizards could perform simple behaviors under increasingly colder temperatures. What behavior did researchers watch to determine if the lizards performance was suffering?
Whether lizards could "right" themselves after being flipped upside down.
Which species of anole is considered native to the United States
Anolis carolinensis
Despite being distantly related and occupying distinct habitats, the similar evolution of dewlaps in Draco lizards and Anolis lizards represents an example of:
convergent evolution
This term refers to the evolution of ecological and phenotypic diversity within a rapidly multiplying lineage.
Adaptive Radiation
When investigating animal behavior, this level of analysis refers to the internal or external stimuli and physiological processes that trigger a given behavior
Mechanism
In the research article titled "Female song is widespread and ancestral in songbirds", authors Odom et al. argue that female song was present in the ancestral lineage of all modern songbirds. This contradicts longstanding arguments that
Male bird song provides evidence of sexual seleciton
In anoles, the patch of light sensitive cells at the crown of the head is referred to as the
Parietal eye
These specialized cells detect light of different wavelengths to trigger neuronal impulses in the brain.
cones
This model of signal evolution predicts signaling traits and behavior will evolve to remain effective and efficient in stimulating the sensory system of an intended receiver in a given signaling environment.
Sensory Drive
When investigating animal behavior, this level of analysis explores the survival or reproductive advantage of a behavior in the current environment
Function
In the research article titled "An extreme cold event leads to community wide convergence in lower temperature tolerance in a lizard community", researchers Stroud et al. examined how well lizards could perform simple behaviors under increasingly colder temperatures. How many weeks passed between the first post-cold snap assessment and the second post-cold snap assessment?
10 weeks
Name 3 anole species that can be found in Florida
Carolinensis
Cybotes
Chlorocyanus
Sagrei
Equestris
Distichus
Garmanii
Cristatellus
These diagrams represent the organization of sensory or motor neurons in the cerebral cortex
Cortical Maps / Cortical Magnifications
This term refers to world experienced by animals given their particular sensory system
Umwelt
When investigating animal behavior, this level of analysis asks how a behavior evolved over evolutuionary time
Phylogenetic
In the research article titles "The genetic basis of a colorful signal: the polymorphic dewlap of the slender anole", Pirani et al. argue that dewlap variation in the slender anole is likely driven by variation in the expression of which transcription factor?
single-minded 1 (SIM 1)
Anolis lizards have a fourth cone type which allows them to detect ultraviolet light, peaking around which frequency?
350nm
The species name for the Panamanian slender anole
Anolis apletophallus
What is meant by the term "gene's eye view of evolution"
Adaptive evolution occurs through differential survival of competing genes.
This term refers to the cost of benefit associated with a given behavior, with respect to it's utility in a given environment.
Adaptive Value
In the research article titles "The genetic basis of a colorful signal: the polymorphic dewlap of the slender anole", Pirani et al. argue that dewlap variation in the slender anole is:
autosomal, single locus, mendelian
This highly specialized anatomical feature is used to rapidly extend and retract the dewlap of anoles
Hyoid process (ceratobranchial bone)
List the types of visual systems discussed in class, in the order in which they evolved
Patch of light-sensitive celles, eye cup, pinhole camera-type eye, eye with primitive lens, complex camera type eye