Relationships
Which of the following best describes mutualism in an ecosystem?
A) One organism benefits, and the other is harmed.
B) Both organisms benefit from the relationship.
C) One organism benefits, and the other is unaffected.
D) Both organisms are harmed.
B) Both organisms benefit from the relationship.
What is the main source of energy for most ecosystems?
A) Wind
B) The Sun
C) Water
D) Soil nutrients
B) The Sun
Autotrophs
When two or more atoms are chemically bonded, they form a:
A) Compound
B) Molecule
C) Mixture
D) Element
B) Molecule
A tick feeding on the blood of a dog is an example of which type of relationship?
A) Predation
B) Mutualism
C) Parasitism
D) Competition
C) Parasitism
In a food chain, a rabbit that eats grass is a:
A) Producer
B) Primary consumer
C) Secondary consumer
D) Decomposer
B) Primary consumer
A group of organisms of the same species living in a particular area is called a _______
Population
Which of the following particles has a negative charge?
A) Proton
B) Neutron
C) Electron
D) Nucleus
C) Electron
In the ocean, pilot fish follow sharks to feed on scraps left behind. The shark is unaffected, but the fish benefit. If over time the pilot fish begin removing parasites from the shark’s skin, the interaction evolves into:
A) Mutualism
B) Commensalism
C) Predation
D) Parasitism
A) Mutualism
If decomposers are removed from an ecosystem, what long-term effect will occur on the energy flow and trophic structure?
A) Increased energy efficiency at higher trophic levels
B) Decreased nutrient recycling and eventual energy flow decline
C) Faster energy transfer through the food chain
D) Producers will gain more energy directly from sunlight
B) Decreased nutrient recycling and eventual energy flow decline
A species that has a disproportionately large effect on the structure and stability of its ecosystem is known as a _______ species.
Keystone
The correct order of organization from smallest to largest is:
A) Cell → Atom → Molecule → Tissue
B) Atom → Molecule → Cell → Tissue
C) Molecule → Atom → Tissue → Cell
D) Atom → Cell → Molecule → Organ
B) Atom → Molecule → Cell → Tissue
In a savanna, lions and hyenas both hunt antelope, but lions also steal hyenas’ kills when possible. This interaction is an example of:
A) Competition
B) Parasitism
C) Mutualism
D) Commensalism
A) Competition
A simple food chain is:
Phytoplankton → Zooplankton → Small fish → Large fish → Seal.
Which organism represents the tertiary consumer?
A) Phytoplankton
B) Zooplankton
C) Small fish
D) Large fish
D) Large fish
A system formed by the interaction of living organisms with their physical environment is called an _______.
Ecosystem
Which organelle contains digestive enzymes that break down old cell parts and waste?
A) Vacuole
B) Lysosome
C) Golgi apparatus
D) Ribosome
B) Lysosome
Orchids that grow on tall trees to gain better sunlight access but do not harm the tree exhibit commensalism. If, however, the orchids become so abundant that they block sunlight from the tree’s leaves, the relationship transitions into:
A) Competition
B) Parasitism
C) Mutualism
D) Amensalism
B) Parasitism
If 10,000Kcals of energy are available to producers in an ecosystem, approximately how much energy would be available to secondary consumers, assuming a 10% energy transfer between trophic levels?
A) 100 Kcals
B) 1,000 Kcals
C) 10 Kcals
D) 10,000 Kcals
A) 100 Kcals
The role or “job” an organism plays in its environment, including how it gets energy and interacts with others, is its _______
Niche
Which organelle packages and modifies proteins before they are sent to their destination inside or outside the cell?
A) Ribosome
B) Golgi apparatus
C) Lysosome
D) Nucleus
B) Golgi apparatus