Chapter 1
What are the 6 levels of organization
1. Individual
2. Population
3. Community
4. Ecosystem
5. Landscape
6. Biosphere
What causes apparent deflections of winds, and is caused by the rotation of the earth?
The Coriolis Effect
What is a limiting resource in aquatic systems?
O2 or Oxygen
Who is credited with creating the theory of Natural Selection after visiting the Galápagos Islands?
Charles Darwin
How is Ecology and Law related?
Ecologist evaluate effects of pollution on organisms and ecosystem function. These studies help to develop environmental laws and policy.
What is Ecology ?
Ecology is the study of all interactions or relationships between organisms and the environment.
What do the x and y axis’ of a climate diagram represent?
X: The average annual temperature
Y: The average Annual rainfall
How much of earths surface is taken up by Freshwater, streams, and groundwater?
<1%
What model helps to identify evolutionary forces that influence allele frequency?
Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium model
Why are climate Diagrams important?
They helped create the Palmer Drought Severity Index which is important for agriculture.
How do Warbler (birds) coexist ?
By feeding in different zones of the same tree
What are the 4 Soil Horizons and their order?
1. O horizon : freshly fallen organic matter at the most superficial layer
2. A horizon: Mixture of mineral materials and organic materials from the o horizon
3. B horizon: Clay, Humus, and other materials from the A horizon
4. C horizon: Weathered parent material; only horizon without plant roots
What type of waters supports high diversity among marine communities
Shallow waters
Who is credited with being the father of Genetics?
Gregor Mendel
What are the applications of studying aquatic ecology?
Biologist can study how certain factors influence the aquatic systems
Tools like the pollution and index of Biological integrity can help determine how pollution affects aquatic systems.How are isotopes and Ecology related?
What type of Biome is found in Georgia?
A Temperate Forest
What are the 3 types of coral reefs and their
Fringing reefs, Barrier reefs, and Atolls
Populations at equilibrium will maintain constant allele frequency if there is….
1. Random mating
2. No mutations
3. Large Population
4. No immigration5. All Genotypes have equal fitness
How is evolution and agriculture connected ?
Through artificial selection and Genetically Modified Organisms
What are nutrient rich mats of soils found in deeper grounds of rainforest?
Epiphyte
What type of Biome is found in California?
Desert and Mediterranean woodland
What are the major rivers in the United States?
1. Mississippi
2. St. lawrence
3. Columbia
4. Colorado
5. rio grande
Bonus * The Yukon
What are the 3 types of natural selection and what types of genotypes do they favor?
1. Stabilizing Selection : favors average individuals and acts against extreme phenotypes.
2. Directional selection : Favors extreme phenotypes and results in a change in the average phenotypes over time.
3.Disruptive Selection : favors 2 or more extreme phenotypes over the average.
*BONUS QUESTION*
What is Genetic DriftThe change in the frequency of an existing gene variant (allele) in a population due to random chance, rather than natural selection.