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United States v. Lopez

Congress may not use the commerce clause to make possession of a gun in a school zone a federal crime

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Schenk v. United States

Speech creating a "clear and present danger" is not protected under the first amendment

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Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission

Political spending by corporations, associations, & labor unions is a form of protected speech under 1st amendment

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The Declaration of Independence

The Declaration of Independence the formal statement written by Thomas Jefferson declaring the freedom of the thirteen American colonies from Great Britain

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Federalist No. 51

This document highlights the theory and/or practice of checks and balances between the three branches of government.

100

Engel v. Vitale

School sponsorship of religious activities violates the establishment clause

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Gideon v. Wainwright

Guaranteed the right to an attorney for the poor or indigent

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Baker v. Carr

one person, one vote

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The Articles of Confederation

the first written constitution of the United States. Stemming from wartime urgency, its progress was slowed by fears of central authority and extensive land claims by states before was it was ratified on March 1, 1781. Under these articles, the states remained sovereign and independent, with Congress serving as the last resort on appeal of disputes.

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The Constitution of the United States

A document that embodies the fundamental laws, principles and structure of the U.S. government.

200

Wisconsin v. Yoder

Compelling Amish students to attend school past the eighth grade violates the free exercise clause

200

Roe v. Wade

Extended the right of privacy to a woman's decision to have an abortion

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Shaw v. Reno

Legislative redistricting must be conscious of race & ensure compliance with Voting Rights Act of 1995

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Federalist No. 10

James Madison states that one of the strongest arguments in favor of the Constitution is the fact that it establishes a government capable of controlling the violence and damage caused by factions.

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Federalist No. 70

Alexander Hamilton argued the need for an executive branch and for one main person (the president) to preside over the branch.

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Tinker v. Des Moines

Public school students are allowed to peacefully protest (black armbands against Vietnam war)

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McDonald v. Chicago

2nd amendment applies to states

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Marbury v. Madison

Marbury v. Madison

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Brutus No. 1

Brutus considered whether or not the thirteen states should be reduced to one republic as the Federalists proposed. After examining various clauses in the Constitution, he determined that this would essentially create a federal government that will "possess absolute and uncontrollable power. He believed the necessary and proper clause along with the supremacy clause will render the states to be powerless.

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Federalist No. 78

The potential power of judicial review is explained. It argues that the federal courts have the duty to determine whether acts of Congress are constitutional and to follow the Constitution when there is inconsistency. Hamilton viewed this as a protection against abuse of power by Congress.