United Kingdom
This economic system in 18th–19th century Britain was characterized by private factory ownership and profit driven production
What is industrial capitalism?
In the late 1800s, this industry connected the Atlantic and Pacific coasts, created a national market, and stimulated steel and coal production.
What is the railroad industry?
This region of Germany became a major industrial center due to its rich coal and iron resources.
What is the Ruhr Valley?
This 1868 political transformation marked the return of imperial rule and launched Japan’s rapid modernization.
What is the Meiji Restoration?
European-controlled territories were primarily integrated into the global economy to provide this type of resource for industrial nations.
What are raw materials?
This system replaced cottage industries by centralizing production and workers in one location using machinery
What is the Factory System?
This type of business organization allowed companies to raise large amounts of capital by selling stock to investors.
What is a corporation?
This German industrial family and company became famous for dominating steel and armaments production in the late 19th century.
What is Krupp?
This 1868 oath outlined Japan’s commitment to modernization, deliberative assemblies, and the end of feudal restrictions.
What is the Charter Oath?
This Anglo-Dutch company became a major example of a business operating across colonial territories, producing and selling goods worldwide.
What is Unilever?
Under this labor system, workers did not own the means of production and were instead paid for their time, often working long hours in harsh conditions
What is wage labor?
This practice allowed powerful business leaders to eliminate competition and dominate entire industries during the Gilded Age.
What is a monopoly?
In Germany’s industrial economy, this sector, focused on steel, coal, and machinery, became concentrated in the hands of powerful firms that limited competition.
What is heavy industry?
Unlike Britain or the United States, Japan’s early industrial growth was driven by this approach in which the state built factories, shipyards, and railroads before selling them to private owners.
What is government-sponsored industrialization?
In many colonies, workers on plantations, mines, and railroads earned extremely small incomes under this labor system.
What is low-wage labor?
This economic philosophy argued that the government should interfere as little as possible in the economy
What is laissez-faire capitalism?
This oil company became one of the most famous monopolies in U.S. history.
What is Standard Oil?
This steel-making innovation allowed Germany to rapidly increase production and compete with Britain by lowering the cost of manufacturing steel.
What is the Bessemer Process?
This economic shift occurred when Japan adopted Western-style production, private enterprise, and profit-based industry in the late 19th century.
What is industrial capitalism?
This economic condition worsened in many colonial societies as profits flowed outward while local populations remained poor.
What is economic inequality?
This economic trend expanded during Britain’s Industrial Revolution as a growing middle class purchased mass-produced goods
What is consumerism?
These institutions played a crucial role in industrial expansion by financing new factories, railroads, and technological innovation.
What are banks?
Unlike Britain, Germany’s industrialization relied heavily on these financial institutions, which directly invested in and supported industrial enterprises.
What are investment banks?
After modernization began, this social class of former samurai often transitioned into roles as government officials, military leaders, or industrial elites.These financial institutions played a critical role in funding new industries and infrastructure during Japan’s modernization.
Who were the samurai?
This global pattern describes how colonies exported raw materials and imported finished goods, keeping them dependent on industrialized nations.Under this global system, wealth generated in colonies was extracted and transferred back to industrial powers in Europe.
What is a dependent economy?