vocabulary
A person who farms land that they rented
Tenant farmer
what animals were used after oxen to improve field plowing?
horse
what did peasants need for farming tools
iron
Spain is a part of what peninsula
Iberian
which was the only crusade to come close to achieving their goal.
the first
Groups of merchants or artisans who joined together to gain more power or make more money.
Guilds
what is the Europeans need to change for their economics
develop new ways of business
the manor
what were the punishments that Muslims and Jews suffered
torture and burning
why did some people embark on the Crusades?
religious reason, and health and land
what is the definition of Reconquista?
to reconquest
who developed a system of insurance to help reduce business risks?
merchants
what transport did the merchant companies travel in
caravans
during the next 200 years where did the Christians forces push?
slowly and steadily southward
How many Europeans took part in the Crusades
thousands of Europeans
A catholic judicial procedure that punished people who believed in any religion other than Christianity. Many people were tortured or exiled by the Spanish Inquisition during their conquest to unify Spain under Christian rule.
Inquisitian
who made up the middle class?
merchants, traders, and artisans
what season did many trade fairs close?
autumn
who made a final push against the Muslim stronghold of Grnda?
Ferdinand and Isabella
what did the first crusade free Jerusalem
from Muslim rule
A document written by a lord which defines the rights and privileges of a town. In return the townspeople pay the lord money. Merchants asked lords to right Charters for them when they created new towns while waiting for the annual trade fairs.
Charter
What league resulted in the decline of annual trade fairs?
Hanseatic league
What made trade fairs decline?
competition from the Hanseatic league
Muslims from North Africa have conquered most of the peninsula during what years?
during the 700s
what year was Western Europe emerging from centuries isolation
1050