Agriculture
What is the relationship between a country's income (high, middle, low) and the percentage of the labour force working in the primary sector?
The higher the country's income, the smaller the percentage that will work in the primary sector
The destruction or removal of trees and vegetation from an area by deliberate, accidental, or natural means.
Deforestation
When and where did the first industrial revolution occur?
In the mid-18th century to mid-19th century UK, France, Germany, Belgium
What's the difference between 'agrarian holding' and a 'plot of land'?
Name the four main activities in the primary sector.
Agriculture, Livestock Farming, Fishing, and Forestry
Name at least 2 climactic factors which restrict agricultural activity. How do they do this?
Extreme cold, Excessive heat, High humidity, Aridity
Define "Aquaculture"
The rearing of aquatic animals or the cultivation of aquatic plants for food.
What is offshoring?
Explain the difference between monoculture and polyculture.
Monoculture: All/most of land is devoted to one product. Fewer agricultural techniques and less machinery needed VS Polyculture: various species grown on the same holding, usually a small-scale subsistence farm.
To obtain goods or a service from an outside supplier rather than 'in-house' (within the company):
Outsourcing
Name at least 3 consequences of commercial agriculture, either positive or negative.
Pos: High productivity = surplus & lower prices; specialised transport; commercialisation (wholesalers don't have to buy from many small farms)
Neg: environmental impact, abandoned rural areas
The monetary value of all goods and services produced within a country during a specific period, usually a year.
GDP/Gross Domestic Product
Name a notable industry from the third industrial revolution
IT, Electronics, Telecommunications, biotechnology, robotics
Explain the difference between basic, capital good, and consumer goods industries
Basic: beginning of the process, raw materials -> commodities
Capital: middle of process, manufacture production equipment for other industries
Consumer: end of the process, products intended for direct consumption by public
What is an assembly line?
A series of workers and machines in a factory by which a succession of identical items is progressively assembled/put together.
List the characteristics of subsistence agriculture.
Small capital/finance requirements, mixed cropping, limited use of agrochemicals (e.g. pesticides and fertilizer), unimproved varieties of crops and animals, little or no surplus yield for sale, etc
Define "Crop rotation"
the growing of different crops in succession on a piece of land to avoid exhausting the soil and to control weeds, pests, and diseases.
Explain the factors that effect mining activity.
Technological development, extraction costs, market trends, environmental legislation
Compare renewable and non-renewable energy. What are the advantages and disadvantages of each?
availability, supply, environmental impact, storage, productivity, etc
List the characteristics of 'non-renewable energy sources'. Give examples.
Describe what is meant by a 'Closed-Field' agarian landscape
Well-defined plots are enclosed by fences, hedges or walls. Cultivated land is located around or intersperses housing and settlements. Associated with livestock farming and common in humid and mountainous areas.
Define "Tertiarisation of Industry"
Activities from the Tertiary sector such as marketing, design, or logistics becoming integrated into the manufacturing process in order to keep up in an increasingly competitive global market
What is the 'Fourth Industrial Revolution' causing to happen in industry?
Digitisation, the use of 'big data' in decision making, automation, layoffs, restructuring
What are the advantages/disadvantages of intensive vs extensive livestock farming?
Dis: environmental impact (contamination, energy consumption), animal welfare, risk to human health (hormones, antibiotics)
What are the characteristics of Plantation Agriculture?
Mainly for exportation, practices monoculture, takes place on large holdings owned by foreign multinationals, employs lots of local labour, high productivity, etc