Urban Planning
What are some principles of smart growth and new urbanism?
Smart Growth and New Urbanism share some core principles focusing on creating sustainable, walkable, and vibrant communities. These include mixed land uses, compact building designs, walkable neighborhoods, a range of housing choices, and preservation of open spaces. New Urbanism further emphasizes distinctive, attractive communities with a strong sense of place, often incorporating prescribed historic architectural styles.
What value do we get from free ecological services?
Free ecological services, provided by nature, offer a vast array of benefits to humans, including essential resources like food, water, and materials, as well as crucial functions like climate regulation and disease control. These services, while not directly priced in the market, are vital for human well-being and the health of the planet.
What do we mean by internalizing external costs?
Internalizing externalities means making sure that decision-makers, whether individuals, businesses, or governments, take into account the full costs and benefits of their actions, including those that impact others (third parties) who are not directly involved in the decision. This involves incorporating these external effects into the pricing, regulation, or other mechanisms that shape behavior.
What is microlending, and how does it help the poor?
Microlending, also known as microcredit, is the practice of providing small loans to individuals and small businesses
What process to track social progress considers real per-capita income, quality of life, distributional equity, natural resource depletion, environmental damage, and the value of unpaid labor.
Reduce stormwater runoff
Spawl
Unlimited, unplanned growth of urban areas that consumes open space and wastes resources.
classical economics
Modern, Western economic theories of the effects of resource scarcity, monetary policy, and competition on supply and demand of goods and services in the marketplace. This is the basis for the capitalist market system.
cost-benefit analysis (CBA)
An evaluation of large-scale public projects by comparing the costs and benefits that accrue from them.
Which of the following is a goal for smart growth?
Improve communication between groups
Slum
a squalid and overcrowded urban street or district inhabited by very poor people
Smart Growth
The efficient use of land resources and existing urban infrastructure that encourages in-fill development, provides a variety of affordable housing and transportation choices, and seeks to maintain a unique sense of place by respecting local cultural and natural features.
neoclassical economics
The branch of economics that attempts to apply the principles of modern science to economic analysis in a mathematically rigorous, noncontextual, abstract, predictive manner.
externalizing costs
Shifting expenses, monetary or otherwise, to someone other than the individuals or groups who use a resource.
microlending
Small loans made to poor people who otherwise don’t have access to capital.
Shantytown
a deprived area on the outskirts of a town consisting of large numbers of crude dwellings.
Which of the following is a characteristic of sustainable urbanism?
Public transportation
capital
Any form of wealth, resources, or knowledge available for use in the production of more wealth.
internalizing costs
Planning so that those who reap the benefits of resource use also bear all the external costs.
cap-and-trade agreement
A policy to set pollution limits, then allow companies to buy and sell their allotted rights to emit pollutants.
Megacity
a very large city, typically one with a population of over ten million people.
How many people are expected to be living in Dehli, India by 2030?
57.3 Million
ecological economics
Application of ecological insights to economic analysis; incorporating ecological principles and priorities into economic accounting systems.
genuine progress index (GPI)
An alternative to GNP or GDP for economic accounting that measures real progress in quality of life and sustainability.
What process to track social progress considers real per-capita income, quality of life, distributional equity, natural resource depletion, environmental damage, and the value of unpaid labor.
Genuine progress index
Urban Agglomeration
a contiguous territory with a dense population, encompassing a city and its surrounding suburbs, where development is continuous and interconnected