At a glance
All organisms living together in an area
and
their interaction
with
one another and their environment.
What is an ecosystem?
This happens when bacteria and fungi multiply rapidly.
What is diseases spread quickly from infected plants and animals to healthy ones, causing sickness and death?
This affects the number of plants and animals in an ecosystem. Sometimes, a whole population of plants or animals can be wiped out as a result of disease-causing organisms.
Fill in the blanks. The ___ of a habitat determines the kinds of _____ living there.
Most organisms cannot survive in _____ _____.
What are
temperature,
organisms, and
extreme temperatures?
The amount of sunlight affects this in a habitat.
Name some animals that need sunlight to keep their body warm in order to obtain energy for their activities.
Name two animals which avoid light because they are sensitive to it.
What is temperature?
What are frogs, lizards, turtles, and crocodiles? (Note that they are cold-blooded.)
What are woodlice and earthworms?
Name a biotic factor and the effect it would have on other organisms in an ecosystem.
Open ended answer.
Two factors that make up the environment of a habitat.
What are
biotic factors
and
abiotic factors
1) Name three things that plants have to compete for with other plants.
2) Fill in the blanks. Plants will not _____ well and may _____ if they grow too _____ to one another.
What are sunlight, water, and mineral salts?
What are grow, die, closely?
Fill in the blanks. Plants and animals need oxygen for _____ all the time.
An organism will die without _____.
Plants need _____ _____ to make food.
What are
respiration,
oxygen, and
carbon dioxide?
What is - some organisms are suited to life on land while other organisms can only live under water.
The result of changes in the biotic or abiotic factors in an ecosystem.
What is - the survival of the organisms living in the ecosystem will be affected?
Biotic factors
What are
Bacteria and Fungi,
Man,
Animals, and
Plants?
Mnemonic: Bacteria and Fungi MAPS
Three ways man can change the environment in an ecosystem.
What are
air,
land, and
water pollution?
Filll in the blanks.
The type of _____ found in a habitat determines the kinds of organisms living there.
_____ is important for plant growth because plants take in _____ and _____ _____ from the _____.
What are
soil,
Soil,
water,
mineral salts, and
soil?
If the temperature is too high, plants and animals will lose too much water.
Name the way in which plants lose water.
Name the four ways in which animals lose water.
If the temperature is too low, water in a habitat will freeze. Name two effects if the temperature is too low.
What is through the stomata as water vapor?
What are sweat, urine, faeces, and exhaled air?
What are
animals will lose their sources of drinking water
some aquatic animals and plants will die from the cold?
Why do you think garden soil, sandy soil, and clayey soil differ greatly in the number of plants and animals they can support?
Open-ended question. Consider density and the amount of minerals, water, and air present in each and how they affect plants and animals.
Abiotic Factors
What are
Light
Air
Soil
Temperature, and
Water?
Mnemonic: LAST Water
Fill in the blanks.
Animals have to _____ with one another for food.
Animals that obtain enough food will _____.
Animals that are unable to find food will die of _____.
Some animals become _____ for other animals.
What are
compete,
survive
hunger, and
prey?
1) Name the abiotic factor needed by all organisms to survive.
2) Name the two life processes where this factor is essential.
What is water?
What are digestion and photosynthesis?
In an aquatic habitat, most aquatic plants and animals obtain oxygen and carbon dioxide from this in water.
What is dissolved air?
Aquatic organisms will die if there is a lack of dissolved air in the water.
Describe how man adversely affects a community.
What are:
1) deforestation - when people cut down trees, the animals that depend on trees for food and shelter suffer and die
2) water pollution - when water sources are polluted with oil and toxic substances, fish and other animals living in or near these areas (including birds) die from pollution. Other animals may suffer after feeding on animals from affected areas since toxic substances are passed on to them.
Ex. fish from the Pasig River is not safe for consumption
mercury or microplastics in saltwater fish can be consumed by other organisms higher up in the food chain, including man
see also the effects of oil spills
A limited resource that limits the number of organisms that can survive in a population .
Give two examples.
What are limiting factors?
What are the amount of food and living space?
Other limiting factors include water and sunlight.
The presence of certain animals affects plants and other animals.
Name the soft-bodied insects that feed on the sap of young shoots. How do they damage plants?
Name the algae that produce toxins that paralyze and kill fishes. What happens when they reproduce very fast?
What are aphids? They damage plants by spreading plant diseases.
What is red tide algae? Patches of the sea become reddish in color and dead fishes are washed ashore. People can be poisoned if they eat seafood affected by red tide.
1) Name the abiotic factor needed for photosynthesis.
2) Fill in the blanks. Without _____, plants and other organisms that depend on plants for _____ will die.
What is light?
What are sunlight and food?
2) Name the three types of soil.
3) Compare and contrast the three types of soil based on the number of organisms it can support, the characteristics of the soil, and the number and/or types of plants and animals that can live there.
1) What are different types of soil?
2) What are garden soil, sandy soil, and clayey soil?
3.1) Organisms - garden soil has the most, sandy soil has fewer organisms than garden soil, and clayey soil contains fewer organisms than garden soil and sandy soil.
3.2) Characteristics - sandy soil can be found in drier areas like deserts. Clayey soil holds plenty of water and tends to be sticky when wet.
3.3) Garden soil can support a wide range of plants and several kinds of animals. Sandy soil allows the growth of some plants like cacti and can support some animals. Only certain kinds of plants can grow in clayey soil and it can support very few animals.
Discuss how to make a model of an ecosystem.
See pp. 90-91 of MPAH Science 5A