Provisioning
The UNECE defines these as the “Direct and Indirect benefits of ecosystems.”
What are Ecosystem Services?
The estimated total annual monetized value of the ecosystem services provided by this is $822M.
What is the City of Toronto Ravine System?
Urban gardens enhance the growing environment by improving soil quality and increasing this vital component.
What are nutrients?
This is one of the five guiding principles of the Toronto Ravine Strategy, alongside Protect, Invest, Connect, and Partner.
What is Celebrate?
An important tree in eastern North American forests that is a significant food source for wildlife.
What is an American Beech Tree?
Urban parks provide this function by protecting areas against extreme weather, specifically heat events and flooding.
What is buffering?
To be considered healthy, the urban forest needs an uneven age distribution composed of young, middle-aged, and these types of trees.
What are mature trees?
This critique describes how sustainability can raise property values and lead to the clustering of green amenities in wealthy areas, reinforcing spatial inequality.
What is green gentrification?
Along with clean air and water, this specific resource is provided by the Rouge National Park and is described as some of the best left in southern Ontario.
What is Farmland?
Healthy, large trees perform this climate-related action by removing carbon from the atmosphere.
What is sequester carbon?
These numerical criteria are used in Module 5 of the PDSS to achieve rich species diversity at the neighbourhood and regional levels.
What are the 30–20–10 criteria?
Have been linked to positive effects on physical and mental health.
What are Street Trees?
Urban gardens provide these types of plants often used for healing or medicine.
What are Medical Plants?
Urban forests help filter air pollution, intercept stormwater, and perform this function related to local weather conditions.
What is moderate urban climate?
The biological process in which plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy into chemical energy
What is Photosynthesis?
Through grants and incentive programs, the City mobilizes residents as these, democratizing ecosystem services and expanding canopy coverage on private land
What are stewards (or mobilizing residents as stewards)?
The estimated annual economic value of this is more than $115M.
What are Ecosystem Services in Rouge National Park?
This specific module of the Prototype Decision Support System (PDSS) calculates cooling urban spaces and planning elements by mapping the path of a tree's shadow throughout the day.
What is Shadow Mapping (Module 7)?
Healthy tree growth is mainly dependent on the above-ground open surface area and the volume of this available material required for root development.
What is rootable soil (or volume of rootable soil available)?
In addition to psychological well-being and reduced stress, recreation in urban parks reduces the risk of this specific physical health condition.
What is obesity?