Macronutrients
These nutrients are needed by the body in large amounts and include carbohydrates, fats, protein, and water.
What are macronutrients?
Vitamins and minerals belong to this category of nutrients.
What are micronutrients?
The general chemical formula for carbohydrates is CnH2nOn, also known as this ratio.
What is 1:2:1?
This substance makes up 60% of body weight.
What is water?
A unit of energy needed to raise 1 g of water by 1°C.
What is a calorie?
This macronutrient provides 4 calories per gram and is the body’s preferred fuel source.
What is carbohydrate?
These vitamins dissolve in water and are excreted through urine if not used.
What are water-soluble vitamins (B-complex & C)?
The basic building blocks of proteins.
What are amino acids?
One major function of carbohydrates besides providing fuel.
What is energy storage, forming cell membranes, or making DNA/RNA?
A food desert is a region without easy access to this.
What is fresh and affordable produce?
Name one monosaccharides that can easily be absorbed by the human body
What are glucose, fructose, and galactose?
These inorganic elements are needed in very small amounts (micro- to milligrams).
What are trace elements?
A fatty acid that contains one double bond.
What is a monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA)?
These fats are important for regulating inflammation and immune responses.
What are omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids?
Where in the body are triglycerides primarily stored?
What is the liver (fat cells)?
The type of fat made of 1 glycerol and 3 fatty acids and stored in the liver.
What is a triglyceride?
This vitamin can be synthesized by the skin when exposed to sunlight.
What is Vitamin D?
The location of the first double bond in an omega-3 fatty acid.
What is between the 3rd and 4th carbon from the methyl end?
Give two functions of protein in the body.
What are structural, transport, protective, or enzymatic functions?
The chemical process that forms disaccharides by removing water.
What is a dehydration reaction?
List the order in which the body uses macronutrients for energy (from first to last).
What is carbohydrate → fat → protein?
Name two functions of minerals and trace elements in the body.
What are maintaining bone & blood health, energy release, muscle function, or fluid balance?
Arrange these steps in protein formation:
protein
amino acid
polypeptide
What is amino acid → polypeptide → protein?
List four functions of water.
What are transport, thermoregulation, cell communication, and lubrication of joints?
What caused hypocalcemia in David Mitchener, which ultimately led to his death?