Acronym
IEP
Individualized Education Plan
Americans With Disabilities Act
Mandated that individuals with disabilities should be provided with "reasonable accommodations" in the workplace and that such individuals could not be discriminated against.
Resource Room Model
Students with disabilities leave the general education class for a designated period to visit the resource room and receive specialized services in areas such as language, reading, and math
Co-Teaching name two types
■Team teaching (interactive teaching)
■One teaches, one drifts; one teaches, one observes
■Station teaching
■Parallel teaching
■Alternative teaching
Speech Disorders
■Voice
Volume, pitch, flexibility (affects about 3-6% of school-age children)
■Articulation
Pronunciation, omissions, additions, distortions, & substitutions (about 75%)
■Fluency
Interruptions in natural flow or rhythm of speech (e.g., stuttering)
FAPE
Free, Appropriate, Public education
Section 504
Civil Law that prevents discrimination against individuals with disabilities by any institution that receives federal funds and provides for a FAPE. Law applies to both Schools and to the workforce.
Self-contained Model
Students with disabilities receive all or most of their classroom instruction from special educators
The Case Conference Committee
Convenes after the educational evaluation
■Intent is to determine eligibility for special education and related service
■If student is eligible, an IEP is developed
The team is composed of:
■General and Special Education teachers
■School Psychologist
■School Administrators
■Related service personnel
■Parents and their child, and parent advocates if desired
Language Disorders
Problems in using or comprehending language
■Expressive (using language)
■Receptive (understanding language of others)
■May involve difficulties with phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, or pragmatics
■Aphasia-the most severe language disorders
LRE
Least Restrictive Environment
IDEA
IDEA is a federal law in the United States ensuring that children with disabilities receive a tailored, free, and appropriate public education through early intervention and special education services.
Mainstreaming
More exposure to general classroom would be good for all
Earn your way into general classroom”
First movement devoted to placement of students with disabilities
Prereferral Assistance Team
This is a general education teams implementing response-to-intervention or multi-tiered systems of support to support prereferral procedures.
Employs schoolwide screening, progress monitoring, multiple levels or tiers of instructional intensity to meet student needs
Convenes after a formal request is made to the designated individual
Determines the need for education interventions to assist struggling students
Submits various data with the formal request
Learning Disabilities (LD)
A disorder in one or more of the basic psychological processes involved in understanding or using language, spoken or written, may manifest in an imperfect ability to listen, think, speak, read, write, spell, or to do mathematical calculations.
RTI
Response to Intervention
1954: Brown v. Board of Education (Kansas)
The Supreme Court determined that "separate-but-equal" education is illegal.
Inclusion
Primary placement in general education with the general classroom teacher
When necessary and justifiable, students may receive some services in another setting
Additional support provided in general education
Strategies for Effective Communication (6)
■Use Active Listening Techniques
Depersonalize Situations
Find Common Goals
Brainstorm Possible Solutions
Summarize Goals and Solutions
Follow Up to Monitor Progress
Intellectual Disabilities (ID)
Intellectual Disabilities (ID), also known as Intellectual Developmental Disorder (IDD) in more recent diagnostic terminology, is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by significant limitations in intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior.
ADHD
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
1970: Diana V. State Board of Education (California)
The court ruled that children cannot be placed in special education based on culturally biased tests.
Six Principles of IDEA
Zero reject
Nondiscriminatory testing
Free and appropriate education
Least restrictive environment
Due process
Parent participation
RTI Procedures
Delivered in tiers of increasing intensity
■Tier 1
Research-validated practices with targeted adaptations as needed
■Tier 2
Planned for students who fail to respond to Tier 1 interventions
■Tier 3
Even more intensive, may include referral for special education evaluation
Emotional Disturbance (ED)
Condition exhibiting one or more of the following characteristics over a long period of time and to a marked degree that adversely affects a child’s educational performance: