Research has consistently supported that the single best way to increase student learning is to increase student _______________________.
student engagement
100
The beginning stage of reading instruction for strugglers should include a focus on _________________.
phonological/phoneme awareness
100
It is reasonable to teach __ to __ vocabulary words per week.
8 to 10
100
Specific instruction with struggling students must be more __________ , __________ , __________ and ____________.
Explicit, intensive, comprehensive and supportive
100
What type of comprehension should first be introduced to young readers?
literal comprehension
200
In the year 2000 over 100,000 research studies have been summarized and published about reading instruction by the _____________________________.
National Reading Panel
200
During the beginning stage of reading instruction vocabulary is presented ______________.
orally
200
A kindergarten teacher who is teaching rhyming is teaching which component of reading?
phoneme awareness
200
The _________ of two kinds of supportive instruction can provide cognitive support to students at risk of reading failure.
scaffolding
200
What type of phonics is proven to be most effective in working with LD students who are low achievers in reading?
synthetic phonics
300
Two key researchers in interventions for students struggling in reading are _________________ and _______________.
Joe Torgeson & Sharon Vaughn
300
What are three ways to explicitly teach vocabulary at the beginning stage?
modeling, synonyms & definitions
300
The goal of phonics instruction is to teach children to use what?
the alphabetic principle
300
One way of providing cognitive support to struggling readers that is widely appreciated involves the careful ____________ of tasks.
sequencing
300
What is something you must be sure to give attention to when doing read alouds?
story grammer, sequencing, inferences, prediction or retelling
400
Research shows that students consistently learn more when their teacher's exhibit __________________ in their teaching.
mastropieri
400
What is the effective (3 part) sequence for teaching word reading during the beginning stage of reading?
1. Teaching sounding out regular words
2. Making transitions from sounding out to sight reading
3. Introducing irregular words
400
Fluency can be addressed during the beginning stages of reading by using choral reading of ___________ texts.
decodable
400
One type of cognitive support encourages the type of _______ a student must do to complete a task, and involves carefully designed teacher-student __________.
thinking, dialogue
400
Where does research say the difference lies in instructional practices for struggling students versus the general education classroom practices?
in the manner in which the instruction is provided
500
The well known "teacher effects" research of Rosenshine and Stevens shows the need for lessons that contain the following eight components.
1. Connect prior knowledge
2. State lesson goals
3. Present information in small steps
4. Provide call for response that allows a high level of practice
5. Ask many questions and include all of the students
6. Guide practice at the initial stages
7. Provide feedback and corrections
8. Provide explicit instruction for seatwork and monitor progress
500
What is the effective (3 part) sequence for teaching comprehension at the beginning stage of reading?
1. Sentence comprehension
2. Paragraph comprehension
3. Story comprehension
500
Comprehension skills can be developed during _________ by teachers in the beginning stages of reading.
read alouds
500
Give an examples of an effective Tier 3 interventions for struggling K-3 readers.
curricula the is (explicit, systematic or intense)
500
List the 3 parts of an effective sequence for the the beginning stage of phonics instruction.
1. letter-sound correspondence
2. regular words
3. irregular words