Learner Differences & Needs
Spearman suggested there is one mental attribute
What is G? General Intelligence
Knowledge about how to use language
What are pragmatics?
The entire range of language used in all levels of school.
Lack of proficiency in any language
What is Semilingual?
Conceiving of a problem in a new or different way
What is restructuring?
Using terms such as "autistic" or "deaf" to describe someone
What is Identity-first reference?
immigrant vs refugee
people leaving voluntarily vs fleeing because it is not safe
Skills & knowledge developed that are the foundation for reading & writing
What is emergent literacy?
Adding a second language without losing the heritage language
What is balanced bilingualism?
Ability to apply culturally approved problem-solving methods
What is crystalized intelligence?
IQ scores are better because of better health, smaller families, better schooling, etc
What is the Flynn Effect?
Any variety of language spoken by a particular group
What is dialect?
expressive vs receptive vocabulary
The different words a person uses in speaking/writing vs the words a person can UNDERSTAND in spoken/written words
The Language spoken in students' home or by family
What is Heritage Language?
A 3-part description of the mental abilities that lead to more or less intelligent behavior
What is the Triarchic theory of successful intelligence?
Divergent vs Convergent thinking
coming up with many possible solutions vs narrowing possibilities to a single answer
Group values & beliefs about refusing to adopt behaviors & attitudes of the majority culture
What is resistance culture?
Language disorder is characterized by disruptions in the pronunciation of speech sounds
What is a fluency disorder?
Model explaining school achievement problems of ethnic minority students
Mental Efficacy, non-verbal abilities grounded in brain development
What is fluid intelligence?
Changes in eating, sleeping, weight, grades, disposition, activity level, or interest in friends
What are the warning signs of potential suicide?
The gender to whom a person is sexually or emotionally attracted
What is sexual orientation?
Problem with acquisition & use of language
(Difficulty reading, writing, reasoning, math)
What is a learning disability?
The study of the formal & informal rules for how, when, about what, to whom, & how long to speak in conversations within cultural groups.
What is Sociolinguistics?
Any of a variety of pronunciation difficulties (substitution, distortion, or omission of sounds)
What is an articulation disorder?