chapter 7
Which of Piaget’s stages of cognitive development involves young children using mental symbols without logical thought?
what is preoperational
In the early days of defining intelligence, it was thought of as:
what is a single general intelligence
The meaning of words and sentences is called __________.
what is semantics
Speech that is tailored to fit the sensory and cognitive capabilities of infants and children so that it holds their attention; includes speaking in a higher pitch with exaggerated intonation and a singsong rhythm and using a simplified vocabulary
what is Child-Directed Speech
Piaget’s fourth stage in which people 12 and older think both logically and abstractly
what is formal operations
Carter is an infant that enjoys laying on his activity mat and pushing the buttons on a toy that then lights up and plays music. Carter is occupied for a long time activating the toy. Piaget would say that Carter is demonstrating __________.
what is a secondary circular reaction
Which type of intelligence is linked with activity in the prefrontal cortex in the brain?
what is fluid intelligence
Roger received a brain injury that resulted in his inability to speak clearly. He tends to use one word answers whenever possible because he has such a difficult time speaking. Roger received damage to:
A learning disorder marked by difficulty reading as a result of problems with decoding written language
what is Dyslexia
An educational approach that places students of similar ability in learning groups so they can be taught at a level that is most appropriate for their level of understanding
what is ability grouping
The ability to understand conservation occurs in the __________ stage.
what is concrete operations
An alternative to standardized testing that encompasses a complex set of problems that resemble real-life skills is called:
what is authentic assessment
The most well-known Nativist theorist in language development is __________.
what is Noam Chomsky
A disorder in which a child’s understanding and use of language is significantly below his nonverbal intelligence
what is language disorder
Finding one correct solution for a problem
what is convergent thinking
Emma is learning to tie her shoes. Her mother ties her right shoe and tells Emma to watch. Then her mother holds Emma’s hands and ties the left shoe with her. She has made up a rhyme to help Emma learn the steps. According to Vygotsky, Emma’s mother is engaging in:
what is scaffolding
The DSM-5 describes one overarching category for learning disorders called a:
Tobias knows that you can bounce a ball and that you build with blocks, but he also knows you can play with either so they are both toys. His understanding is built upon a:
what is taxonomic constraint
The ability to organize objects into hierarchical conceptual categories
The ability to find as many possible solutions to a problem as possible, rather than the one “correct” solution
what is divergent thinking
Vygotsky believed that thoughts originate from __________.
what is private speech
In the three-ring model of giftedness, giftedness is seen as above-average ability in of all of the following areas except __________.
what is common sense
The phonics approach to reading focuses on:
what is letter-sound relationships
A memory strategy that involves creating extra connections, like images or sentences, that can tie information together
what is elaboration
Children and youth who exhibit high performance capability in intellectual, creative, and/ or artistic areas; possess an unusual leadership capacity; or excel in specific academic fields
what is gifted children