Ch. 6
What is automaticity?
Students can retrieve what they've learned quickly and effortlessly and can use it almost without thinking.
What does metacognition literally mean?
"Thinking about thinking."
Fill in the blank: Students’ worldviews can sometimes interfere with their ability to undergo legitimate conceptual change. Under such circumstances, it is better to help students ________________ academic scholars’ explanations and lines of reasoning.
UNDERSTAND (rather than accept)
You have been rolling a typical six-sided die for the past several minutes. You know. that die isn't loaded - it's not heavier on one side than another - yet in the past 30 rolls you haven't rolled a number 3 even once. What are the odds that you'll get a 4 on the next roll? What critical thinking type of reasoning are you using for this scenario?
Probabilistic
Successful retrieval of information from long-term memory depends on three factors.
The part of the long-term memory being searched. How the information was stored in the first place.
The presence of relevant retrieval cues.
How does note-taking affect student's recall of lecture information?
It increases recall.
What are the three main social interactions as contexts that can help students learn?
•Interactions with more advanced individuals
•Interactions with peers
•Creating a community of learners
Compare and contrast overt strategies vs covert strategies.
Overt: Taking notes, creating summaries
Behaviors we can actually see.
Covert: identifying important information, regularly monitoring learning, self-explanation, self-questioning
Internal mental processes we often can't see.
When you are studying for a test, you may often try to find interrelationships among the new pieces of information you are learning. Cognitive psychologists call this process...
Organization
T/F Students are more likely to transfer what they have learned when they see it as "belonging" to a particular academic subject area.
False
True statements about affect transfer:
Students are more likely to transfer what they have learned when they have learned it in a meaningful, rather than rote, fashion.
Students are more likely to transfer what they have learned when they have studied it for a lengthy period of time.
Perhaps the most important thing to keep in mind regarding the effective use of technology in the classroom is that:
technology should enhance students' thinking and learning, not replace it.
Using information processing theory, how can we use this information to create a classroom lesson that will stick in their working memory?
Ensure to include sensory registry, attention, using student's bodies, and learning relevant, meaningful, and engaging.
Why is attention so important in the learning process? Think of the three-component model of memory.
How can you promote critical thinking in your classroom?
§Less is more.
§Encourage intellectual skepticism
§Model critical thinking
§Provide opportunities to practice critical thinking
§Debate controversial topics from several perspectives
§Help understand that critical thinking takes mental effort
§Use authentic, real-world problems
T/F When we say that different cultural and ethnic groups have different worldviews we mean that their basic assumptions about how the world operates may be different.
True.
Scenario 1: Imagine one of your students refuses to read the textbook because they are a “visual learner”.
You know that learning styles are a myth, but the student insists that they can only learn from visuals, and they have always succeeded in school with the help of visuals.
How do you deal with this “confirmation bias”?
Possible answer: You make sure to include visuals but also slowly incorporate other forms of learning and see how that impacts the students learning. Have them reflect on their learning as well (metacognition).
From the memory-explained video we watched in class, what did it say about the foundations for some of our strongest memories?
strong emotional content
Create a higher-level thinking question for your students.
This higher-level thinking question should include the students developing answers not specifically provided in class.
Ex: "Can you use what we learned about snakes and what we know about the climate in North America to guess where this snake might live?"
There are five basic assumptions underlying contextual theories of learning, name 2 out of the 5.
1. The brain functions in close collaboration with - rather than in isolation from - the rest of the body.
2. Acquired knowledge and skills are often tied to specific physical, social, or cultural activities and environments.
3. Learners often think and perform more effectively when they can offload some of the cognitive burden onto something or someone else.
4. Learners often think and perform more effectively when they can offload some of the cognitive burden onto something or someone else.
5. With the help and guidance of more knowledgeable individuals, learners benefit from the accumulated wisdom of their cultural group.
You are a teacher of a classroom of about 20 students in middle school English. With what you know from the working memory, critical thinking, and social interactions as contexts. How can you best support your students with their next writing and reading activity?
Teachers choice