Ch. 9
cueing
On average, self-regulated learners tend to achieve at _____ levels in the classroom.
higher
True/False
"Students from some ethnic minority groups may be especially interested in achieving high grades as a way of making their parents proud."
True
T/F
When we compare beginning teachers with experienced teachers in terms of how they think about student misbehavior, we find that experienced teachers are more likely to: depend heavily on extrinsic reinforcers.
F
True: Consider how to change instruction to avert future problems.
What is motivation?
Why is it important that a teacher has it?
Motivation is an inner state that energizes, directs, and sustains behavior.
Everything starts with the teacher in the classroom, if a teacher is not motivated and modeling those characteristics and skills how can they expect their students to do so?
What are the differences between classical and operant conditioning?
Classical Conditioning: stimulus and responses, conditioned vs unconditioned, neutral
Operant Conditioning: consequences lead to changes in voluntary behaviors, reinforcement, and punishment, both can be positive (addition of stimulus) and negative (removal of stimulus)
Give an example of a symbolic model, and define the term.
Ex: Katniss Everdeen
A symbolic model is a person or character portrayed in a book, film, television show, video game, or other medium.
"No matter how much I study words, I can't remember how to spell them."
This is an example of...
learned helplessness
Which of the following strategies do you NOT recommend for conducting effective parent-teacher conferences?
- Minimize your use of educational jargon
- Encourage parents to share their perspectives and ideas
- Emphasize that the student's education is ultimately your responsibility rather than that of the parents
- prepare ahead of time by reviewing what you know about the student
- Emphasize that the student's education is ultimately your responsibility rather than that of the parents
What are two key takeaways from the semester and how will you apply them in your future classroom?
requires two different elements and thoughtful application to future classroom
School-wide positive behavior support is...
within a school setting, the use of behavioral principles at multiple levels to encourage as well as reinforce desired behaviors in all students.
In what way does self-efficacy differ from the term self-concept?
self-efficacy varies depending on the specific task to be performed
what are the differences between state and trait anxiety?
State: temporary feelings of anxiety elicited by a threatening situation
Trait: general patterns of responding with anxiety even in non-threatening situations
What is the three-tiered approach to promoting positive behaviors in schools?
Tier 1/Primary: school-wide instruction for all students
Tier 2: supplemental group and early interventions for at-risk students
Tier 3: specialize individualized systems for students with intensive needs
How would you encourage self-efficacy and self-regulation in the classroom?
As teachers, we can enhance students’ self-efficacy by giving them reasons to believe they can master school subject matter (e.g., by having them observe successful peer models) and by providing many opportunities to experience success working either as individuals or as part of a group.
As teachers, we can foster the development of self-regulation skills in many ways—for instance, by asking students to set some of their own goals, providing explicit criteria with which they can evaluate their performance, and giving them age-appropriate independence in various situations and tasks.
Define intrinsic reinforcement and identify the correct example below:
1. being told that you did a good job
2. getting a new outfit you think is 'cool'
3. feeling good about your own generosity toward a less fortunate classmate
4. being allowed to play basketball at a friend's house after you finish your homework
Def: those that come from learners themselves or are inherent in tasks being performed.
3. feeling good about your own generosity toward a less fortunate classmate
What are the four conditions necessary for successful learning from models:
attention, retention, motor reproduction, and motivation (e.g, Bandura, 1986)
How do teacher attributions which they make about their student's behavior and achievements, can affect the student's motivations?
Ex: societal stereotypes, girls are better at reading than boys if a teacher believes that and puts that on her students, their motivations towards reading will be dictated by gender possibly
fixed mindset, self-fulfilling prophecy
define cyberbullying, bullying, and 2 early warning signs for possible violent behavior
Cyberbullying is bullying that occurs via the use of technology (e.g., social media).
Bullying in school has been defined by the U.S. Department of Education and by the CDC as the occurrence of unwanted aggressive actions by one or more youths (who are not either siblings or dating partners) against another, and that involves some type of power imbalance; these unwanted actions either have been repeated, or are likely to be repeated, and may cause physical, psychological, social, or educational harm (Espelage & Colbert, 2016).
- social withdrawal, excessive feelings of isolation/rejection, rapid decline in academic performance, violent themes in written work, excessive alcohol or drug use, etc.
Create a classical conditioning scenario in your classroom including: neutral stimulus, unconditioned stimulus, unconditioned response, the conditioned stimulus, and conditioned response
Scenario: Conditioned Response to a Teacher’s Hand Gestures (Pavlovian Conditioning in the Classroom)
Before Conditioning:
After Conditioning:
From a behaviorist perspective, the primary reason for the diversity in how students behave and misbehave in the classroom is that they...
each have a unique history of experiences and consequences
Describe the five basic assumptions of social cognitive theory
1. People can learn by observing others.
2. People can learn by observing others.
3. Cognitive processes influence motivation as well as learning.
4. Cognitive processes influence motivation as well as learning.
5. Cognitive processes influence motivation as well as learning.
What does the Seven Principles of Motivation acronym stand for
"TARGETS"
Task
Autonomy
Recognition
Grouping
Evaluation
Time
Social Support
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jQMGVp79EeI&t=51s
what are some the six strategies from Ch. 13 that you can use to help deal with Amy's misbehavior
ignoring the behavior, Cueing students, discussing privately with students, teaching self-regulation skills, conferring with parents, conducting planned interventions
How would you encourage a growth mindset vs. a fixed mindset in your classroom?
When students have a growth mindset, they believe that they have the ability to learn new information (even complex information) if they work hard and practice. In contrast, when students have a fixed mindset, they believe that their abilities are limited, and that there are certain topics that they simply can’t learn. As teachers, we can encourage students to adopt a growth mindset by allowing them to experience success and by reminding them about their potential as learners.