Overtime
What was the period from the 1700's to the 1800's called? In terms of steps taken for Emergent bilinguals? Why?
Permissive Period. A period in U.S. history when schools were permitted (not required) to use languages other than English—most commonly German, Dutch, French, Czech, Polish, and Scandinavian languages—as the language of instruction.
Sociolinguisitics is the study of _______________ in its social context.
language
What was the No Child Left Behind Act Originally Named
Elementary and secondary education act of 1965
Are English learners or foreign language learners considered to be the most disadvantaged in our society?
English learners
Certain students do poorly in school because of their cultural, social or linguistic background.
What is the deficit theory
1880's 1960's
Restrictive Period- Moving toward English Only
What does it mean, or who is someone who leaves their country to live in another?
Emigrate.
This lawsuit by Chinese parents in San Fransisco leads to the ruling that identical education does not constitute equal education under Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
Lau vs Nichola
What did the English-Only Movement stand for?
People feel English is a unifying national bond that preserves our common culture.
Prompted the U.S. Department of Education Office of Civil Rights to issue the guidlines for school districts that specify that "language minority students should be taught academics in their primary language until they could effectivley benefit from English language instruction"
What is is Lau v Nichols
1960's-1980's
Oppertunist Period- supporting bilingual education, but primarily for political and economic reasons.
What is the definition of Code switching?
It could be phrased differently, and there could be more than one acceptable answer.
The practice of alternating between two or more languages or varieties of language in conversation.
What did No Child Left Behind measure?
Reading and Math
What term is preferred by many scholars instead of ELL
Emergent Bilingual
In 1923, Nebraska revised a 1919 law that restricted foreign-language education after what U.S. Supreme Court case?
What is Meyer v. Nebraska?
1980's- NOW
Dismissive Period- U.S. largely rejected or ignored bilingual education, favoring English-only policies and reducing federal support.
Explain the concept of "Transitional Bilingual."
It could be phrased differently, and there could be more than one acceptable answer.
Essentially, the teacher starts teaching in whatever language is dominant in the class, and then gradually transitions into teaching the content and speaking English as the year progresses. This is how a transitional Bilingual classroom works.
What did the case of the U.S vs. State of Texas advocate for?
Advocated for Mexican-American students to have equal education regardless of race or color.
In a second-grade bilingual education classroom where the teacher and students alternate between English and the students’ first language throughout the school day, which of the following concepts is best exemplified?
Code Switching
True or False: There is only ONE approach to Dual language programs.
What is FALSE?
Bonus-During which period were English-only laws widely passed in the United States?
The Restrictive Period
Why is it important for teachers to be aware of emerging bilinguals, and what role does it play in the classroom? How does it influence class culture?
Could be multiple acceptable answers.
It is important for teachers to be aware of emerging bilinguals because their linguistic background is an asset that strengthens cognitive skills and enriches the classroom environment, notes Pacific Learning and Ensemble Learning.
In the classroom, awareness allows teachers to provide targeted support, such as using culturally responsive teaching strategies like translanguaging, which can help students build on their existing knowledge and bridge language gaps. This awareness influences class culture by creating a more inclusive, equitable, and empathetic space where all students feel seen, respected, and empowered, ultimately promoting higher engagement and a more dynamic learning environment, according to Pacific Learning and Participate Learning.
California vs. Senate
This bill established funding for professional
Teaching and reading to English learners.
Learning the students’ first language and using it in instruction is considered important in bilingual education because.......
It affirms the value of their native language to propel their learning process.
BONUS: What is the second most common language in the United States? Why is it important for teachers to know??
Answers may vary for the second part of this question.
The second most common language in the U.S is Spanish. This is because we, as teachers, need to know how to help our students succeed, ensuring success for each and every one of them in the class.