Theories
True or False?
Theories of second-language learning provide the rationale and framework for the daily activities of instruction
True!
I defined second-language learning and acquisition as two separate processes.
Krashen
This is used to acquire and memorize a correct language form at the moment.
What is "rehearsal" (from Cohen, 1996)
Ways to learn that originate at a level unconscious or automated performance; a person may not be aware of using these types of strategies during their operations.
A unit of understanding that can be used to store knowledge in long-term memory. Students use this when they recognize a connection between what they know and the learning experience.
In this methodology, students are often rewarded for “precisely-defined goals” such as memorizing word lists or translating passages.
Grammar-Translation Methodology
My research furthered the belief that being bilingual is a cognitive advantage and that knowledge of the first language provides a firm foundation for second-language acquisition.
This is the language needed to perform school tasks successfully.
What is cognitive academic language proficiency (CALP)?
Which of the following is NOT a component of Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency (CALP)?
Culture
Context
Content
Communication
Critical Thinking
What is Content? (p.47)
Bonus point - what should it be instead?
These are the scientists who attempt to explain the connection between language function and neuroanatomy and to identify, if possible, the areas of the brain responsible for language functioning.
Who are neurolinguists? (p.51)
This theory states that humans are born with an innate ability to learn a language. Language learning is a cognitive process that comes from within the learner, not from stimuli outside the learner; learning has nothing to do with conditioning and reward.
LAD(Language Acquisition Device)
According to me, teaching must be matched in some manner with the student's developmental level, taking into account the student's zone of proximal development.
Vygotsky
The alternating use of two languages at the word, phrase, clause, or sentence level.
What is code switching? (p.48)
These are strategies that are used when the correct form is not available. Specifically, they may be - avoiding sounds, structures, or topics that are beyond current proficiency; memorizing stock phrases to rely on when all else fails, etc...
This approach to learning includes when teachers help students to take responsibility for constructing their own knowledge within complex and challenging learning environments.
What is constructivism? (p.52)
This theory is a combination of the Army Method and Behaviorist theories
Audiolingual method
I claimed that language is not learned solely through a process of memorizing and repeating, but that the mind contains an active language processor, the language acquisition device (LAD) that generates rules through the unconscious acquisition of grammar.
Chomsky
These are the language skills and functions that allow students to communicate in everyday social contexts that are similar to those of the home, as they perform classroom chores, chat with peers, or consume instructional media as they do television shows at home.
What are Basic Interpersonal Communication Skills (BICS)?
These types of strategies include:
Planning strategies; monitoring strategies; performance evaluation strategies; and self-knowledge strategies
What are metacognitive strategies? (p.49)
The name of the discipline that studies the ways in which humans use signs to make meaning.
What is semiotics? (p.55)
According to this theory, the mind is a “blank-slate” in which the learner must be filled with content during the course of teaching
Behaviorist
I believe that "Humans are born with an innate ability to learn a language. Language learning is a cognitive process that comes from within the learner, not from stimuli outside the learner; learning has nothing to do with conditioning and reward."
Who is Chomsky?
During this, the teacher helps to focus the learner's attention on relevant parts of the task by asking key questions that help to give children the opportunity to think and talk about the task. Teachers may also assist by dividing the task into smaller, manageable subcomponents, or help students to build schemata.
What is scaffolding? (p.49)
Cognitive strategies, metacognitive strategies, and social-affective strategies are all part of which language learning approach?
This is an error-detecting mechanism that scans an utterance for accuracy and edits the utterance either before or after attempted communication.
What is a monitor? (p.45)