Motivation
Behavioral views of motivation
reinforcement, punishment, modeling, environmental events or physical conditions
Cognitive
focus on people's self-expectations, and attempt to make sense of their experiences.
self-determination
the need to act on and control one's environment.
expectancy x value theory
the theory explains motivation by saying that learners will be motivated to engage in a task to the extent that they expect to succeed on a task time the value they place on the success.
performance goal
the goal focuses on demonstrating ability and competence and how learners compare to others.
a cognitive view of motivation
external events, need to understand, competent, expect success or failure
Humanistic
please focus on the whole person and people's attempts to fulfill their total potential as human beings.
Autonomy
independence and the ability to alter the environment when necessary.
sociocultural theories
focus on individuals’ participation in social environments that value and support learning.
motivation
something that energizes and directs behavior toward a goal. Concerned with causes of initiation of action, of movement toward a goal, and of persistence in attempts to reach a goal.
affective view of motivation
personal freedom, self-determination, personal growth, the satisfaction of needs, need: the absence of anything a person thinks is required for overall well-being
unconditional positive regard
treating individuals as if they are innately worthy regardless of their behavior.
Relatedness
the feeling connected to others in one's social environment and worthy of love and respect.
behaviorist theories
focus on changes in behavior that result from experiences with the environment.
motivational zone of proximal development
match between a learning activity and learners’ prior knowledge and experiences that is close enough to stimulate interest and perceived value in the activity but not so familiar that learners are satiated by it.
intrinsic motivation
motivation to be involved in an activity for its own sake.
deficiency needs
needs that energize people to meet them if they're unfulfilled.
entity views of intelligence
the belief that intelligence is essentially fixed and stable over time.
attribution theory
cognitive theory of motivation that attempts to systematically describe learners' beliefs about the causes of their successes and failures and how these beliefs influence motivation to learn.
unconditional positive regard
treating individuals as if they are innately worthy regardless of their behavior.
extrinsic motivation
motivation to engage in an activity as a means to an end.
growth needs
needs in intellectual achievement and aesthetic appreciation that increase as people have experiences with them.
incremental view of intelligence
the belief that intelligence or ability is not stable and can be increased with effort.
cognitive: attribution theory
1. ability
2. effort
3. task difficulty
4. Luck
what are the classifications of attributes?
external-internal
stable-unstable
controllable-uncontrollable