Learning Theories
He proposed the hierarchy of human needs that impact learning.
Who is Abraham Maslow?
This landmark Supreme Court case declared segregated schools unconstitutional.
What is Brown v. Board of Education?
This is a very all-encompassing concept and includes the many things that combine to make one community or group different from another, such as their: values, clothing, religion, holidays, traditions, language, music, literature, beliefs and expectations (Alsubaie, 2015; Perso, 2012).
What is Culture?
Carol Dweck promotes a classroom that encourages effort, mistakes, and persistence in this mindset.
What is a Growth Mindset?
An important resource for writing objectives with verbs classified by level, this helps teachers to track whether students are using higher-order thinking skills while engaged in a lesson.
What is Bloom's Taxonomy?
They are the key theorists of Progressivism, which focuses its educational stance toward experiential learning with a focus on developing the whole child. Students learn by doing rather than being lectured to by teachers. Curriculum is usually integrated across contents instead of siloed into different disciplines.
Who are John Dewey and Maria Montessori?
This act requires public schools to meet accountability standards based on student achievement.
What was No Child Left Behind (NCLB)?
He is considered to be a highly influential scholar, and some say “founder”, of multicultural education, a pedagogical approach that works to ensure all students have equal access to learning. Multicultural education in his view has five dimensions: cultural integration, knowledge construction, prejudice reduction, equity pedagogy, and empowering school culture...
Who is Dr. James Bank?
Pierson emphasized this relational practice as key to student success.
What is building strong teacher–student relationships?
These are the four types of curricula that educators have to address in the classroom.
The goal to emancipate marginalized or oppressed groups by developing, according to Paulo Freire, aiming to create a more just society through critical consciousness, dialogue, and action, rather than traditional rote learning.
What is Critical pedagogy?
This law ensures students with disabilities receive appropriate education and services.
What is IDEA?
This term has begun to replace the term ELL because it values the funds of knowledge and language competencies the students already have while celebrating their identity as someone becoming bilingual.
What is emergent bilingual?
This stresses modeling and teaching at students’ instructional levels rather than at the students’ frustration levels. Vygotsky defined IT as “the distance between the actual developmental level as determined by independent problem-solving and the level of potential development as determined through problem solving under adult guidance or in collaboration with more competent peers” (Vygotsky, 1978, p.86).
What is the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)?
This curriculum approach is based on the acknowledgement of the differing rate of time that students take to master material. Theoretically speaking, there could be the possibility that all students will be learning at different paces and the teacher will have to attend to the differences in the pace of instruction of all of their students (Block & Anderson, 1974).
What is Mastery Learning?
Learning occurs when conditioned by external stimuli with reinforcement, positive or negative, from others in addition to feedback from outside objects. The teacher aids students in learning by conditioning them to achieve desirable behaviors through careful observation and applying the appropriate reinforcers for the desired behavior. Learning, then, comes through repetition and meaningful connection through reinforcement. Reinforcers take shape in different ways: grades, stickers, candy, praise, or negative reinforcers that will remove positive reinforcers.
What is Behaviorism?
This law protects the privacy of student educational records.
What is FERPA?
This approach is focused on ensuring content and learning environment are flexible to the needs of students.
What is Differentiated Instruction?
An educational system characterized by self-directed activities and self-correcting materials, developed in Europe during the early 1900s by this Italian physician and educator.
Who is Maria Montessori?
This is the result of physical, emotional or sexual abuse, neglect, effects of poverty, being separated from your loved ones, bullying, domestic or community violence through which harm to a loved one or pet has been witnessed, accidents, natural disasters, and behavior that is unpredictable due to addiction or mental illness (Child Information Gateway, 2014, p. 2).
What is Trauma?
This theory positions students to be in control of their own learning; therefore, students are given a lot of autonomy, choice, and responsibility in the learning environment. It positions students to become self-reliant, life-long learners that are engaged through intrinsic motivation to learn new ideas.
What is Humanism?
This Law replaced NCLB in 2015.
Dr. Duckworth promotes an educational concept called this; it connects to growth mindset and is not viewed by all as an acceptable concept.
What is Grit?
She was denied the right to attend school at the age of five because she was considered a "fire hazard." Later in life, SHE was denied her teaching license by the same school district. After passing her oral and written exams, she was failed on her medical exam because she could not walk. She was widely regarded as “the mother” of the Disability Rights Movement.
Who is Judy Heumann?
In 1974, Congress enacted the Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act, which defines child abuse and neglect as the physical or mental injury, sexual abuse, negligent treatment, or maltreatment of a child under the age of 18 by a person who is responsible for the child’s welfare under circumstances that indicate that the child’s welfare is harmed or threatened thereby. All states require teachers and school personnel to report suspected child abuse and are therefore called this.
What is a Mandated Reporter?