Theoretical perspective in which learning and behavior are described and explained in terms of stimulus-response relationships
What is Behaviorism?
100
Gradual disappearance of an acquired response, in classical conditioning, results from repeated presentation of a conditioned stimulus in the absence of the unconditioned stimulus.
What is Extinction?
100
Consequence that satisfies a biologically built-in need.
What is Primary reinforcer?
100
Punishment involving removal of an existing stimulus, presumably one a learner doesn’t want to lose
What is Removal punishment?
100
Use of a verbal or nonverbal signal to indicate that a certain behavior is desired or that a certain behavior should stop.
What is Cueing?
200
Term commonly used by behaviorists for learning; typically involves specific environmental events leading to the acquisition of specific
responses.
What is Conditioning?
200
Form of learning in which a new, involuntary response is acquired as a result of two stimuli being presented at the same time.
What is Classical conditioning?
200
Reinforcer that comes from the outside environment, rather than from within the learner.
What is Extrinsic reinforcer?
200
Punishment involving presentation of a new stimulus, presumably one a learner finds unpleasant.
What is Presentation punishment?
200
Formal agreement between a teacher and a student that identifies behaviors the student will exhibit and the reinforcers that will follow.
What is Contingency contract?
300
Specific object or event that influences an individual’s learning or behavior.
What is Stimulus (S)?
300
Phenomenon in which a person learns a response to a particular stimulus and then makes the same response to a similar stimulus; in classical condition, involves making a conditioned response to a stimulus similar to a conditioned stimulus
What is Generalization?
300
Consequence that brings about the increase of a behavior through the presentation (rather than the removal) of a stimulus.
What is Positive reinforcement?
300
Ability to forego small, immediate reinforcers in order to obtain larger ones later on .
What is Delay of gratification ?
300
Technique in which desired behaviors are reinforced by tokens that learners can use to “purchase” a variety of other reinforcers.
What is Token economy?
400
Specific behavior that an individual exhibits.
What is Response (R)?
400
Form of learning in which a response either increases or decreases as a result of being followed by either reinforcement or punishment, respectively.
What is Instrumental conditioning?
400
Reinforcer that is provided by the learner or inherent in the task being performed.
What is Intrinsic reinforcer?
400
Loss either of a previously earned reinforcer or of an opportunity to obtain reinforcement.
What is Response cost?
400
Form and frequency of a desired response that a teacher hopes to foster through reinforcement.
What is Terminal behavior?
500
Occurrence of two or more events (e.g., tow stimuli, or a stimulus and a response) at approximately the same time.
What is Contiguity?
500
Response that is elicited by a particular (unconditioned) stimulus without prior learning.
What is Unconditioned response (UCR)?
500
Phenomenon in which learners do less-preferred activities in order to engage in more – preferred activities.
What is Premack principle?
500
Consequence that follows naturally or logically from a student’s misbehavior.
What is Logical consequence?
500
Phenomenon in which a student learns that a response is reinforced in the presence of one stimulus but not in the presence of another similar stimulus