Class Differences
Name all 4 of Sugarman's subculture values with explanations
Fatalism
Collectivism
Immediate Gratification
Present Time Orientation
One culture dominating through things such as the curriclum at the expense of others
Ethnocentric.
Tasks and activities that boys see as male and girls see as female to them and as part of their 'territory'
Gender Domain(s)
'Lessons' that are learnt in school without being directly taught, AKA?
What year was the Education Act which brought the tripartite system?
1944
Who introduced the concept of the Educational Triage (explain this as well)
Gillborn & Youdell
G&Y state that black boys are quicker to be disciplined due to what of teachers?
Racialised expectations
Sewell argues that boys are failing in education because it has become increasingly more what?
Feminised (Feminisation of Schooling)
What is a similarity between Parentocracy and Meritocracy
They are both seen as a myth to some sociologists
Good schools selecting the most able students to boost their elague table position, aka?
Cream skimming
Who argued that the middle class has more advantage due to them buying their children more intellectually stimulating toys?
Bernstein & Young
Chinese and Indian pupils are said to be these, which goes against education being institutionally racist
Model Minorities
What 3 external factors can be used to explain why gender differences in achievement
Impact of Feminism
Changes in the Family
Changes in women's employment
Girls' changing ambition
Name all 3 functionalists in the Role of Education and what they discussed
Durkheim
Parsons
Davis & Moore
Define the following
'Parentocracy'
'Educational Maintence Allowance'
'Cola-isation of schools'
Parentocracy - rule by parents
Educational Maintence Allowance - money for pupils in post 16 from low income backgrounds
Cola-isation of schools - private business infiltrate education, who in turn endorse them via selling.
Define the 4 following concepts
Polarisation
Self-fulling Prophecy
Symbolic Violence
A-C Economy
Polarisation - Student response to streaming by going to Anti-School or Pro-School
Self fullfiling Prophecy - living up to a label proscribed
Symbolic Violence - working class culture is frowned upon and disregarded in schools in favour of middle class
A-C Economy - focus on resources on students who have the potential to pass
What are the three cultural explanations for why ethnic differences exists in education?
Language - Bereiter and Engelmann - English not as first language acts a barrier.
Attitudes & Values - EM families inadequately socialise their children into fatalistic subcultures.
Family structure/Parental support - Typical family structure of Black Caribbean especially, leads to inadequate socialisation
Define the following concepts
'Double Standards'
'Laddish subcultures'
'Working-class girl's dilemma'
Double Standards - boys and girls do the same things but get different responses
Laddish subcultures - boys are pressured to conform to anti-school and not pro school via peer pressure
Working class girl's dilemma - do girls gain symbolic capital or educational capital?
Explain Willis's learning to labour study and provide a criticism of it
12 W/C lads were studied to repel school values and identify with manual labour work. This resistance slotted them into W/C jobs.
Not representative - doesnt apply to all
According to Gewirtz, what gave M/C parents the advantage of choosing good schools for their children
Economic and Cultural Capital
OPEN TO ALL
The number of teachers interviewed by Becker times by the number of capitals of Bourdieu then divide by the number of speech codes.
Then take the percentage of those picked at random by Rosenthal and Jacbson's study and apply to your number.
Number your left with?
18
60 x 3 = 180
180/2 = 90
20% of 90 = 18
Who conducted the Jobs application study and found employers were favourable toward white sounding names then EM?
Woods (et al)
The dominance of heterosexual masculine identity and subordination of female and gay identites is also known as what?
Hegemonic Masculinity
Postmodernists argue that Marxism is outdated, as education now reproduces diveristy and requires an adaptable workforce to use technology, what type of system is this?
Post Fordism
Withdrawal of public funding (such as education) to control growing public debt (EMA and sure start closed as a result) AKA?
Austerity