Gender
The process by which society shapes the roles and behaviors of men and women.
Socialisation
Self-Fulfilling Prophecy
The process by which a student’s behavior changes in response to being labeled, often fulfilling the expectations associated with that label.
The skills, knowledge, and experiences that students from higher social classes often possess, which help them succeed in education.
Cultural Capital
Refers to the highest level of education a person has completed.
Educational Attainment
who spoke about social cohesion and education
Durkheim
Ann Oakly suggests a few things happen regarding genered language and socialisation
canalisation and verbal appellation
Explains that students are treated according to labels they are given, affecting their performance and reinforcing those labels.
The labelling theory - Becker
The unwritten and unofficial lessons taught in schools that reinforce social norms and expectations, often favoring middle-class values.
Hidden Curriculum
The theory posits that the education system mirrors the workplace by instilling values like obedience and respect for authority, reinforcing social inequality.
Correspondence Theory
in what way was in the 11plus exam unfair
advantaged the middle class and disadvantaged the girls
The unseen barrier that prevents women from reaching higher positions in the workplace, despite their qualifications.
Glass ceiling
Halo Effect
The tendency for teachers to let one good characteristic of a student (e.g., politeness) affect their overall evaluation, influencing expectations.
the lack of resources that can impact a child's ability to succeed in school. This can include a lack of money for food, clothing, heating, and educational materials.
material depriavtion
Believed that education functions to socialize individuals, teaching them to work together and contribute to social cohesion, which indirectly supports academic achievement.
Durkheim
a secondary school system in the UK that divided students into three types of schools based on their abilities. The system was established by the 1944 Education Act.
tripartite system
Found that girls' aspirations in education shifted from traditionally feminine roles (e.g., marriage) to more career-oriented goals.
Sue Sharpe
Streaming
The practice of placing students in ability-based groups, which can impact their educational attainment based on perceptions and labels.
Basil Bernstein spoke about ...
restricted and elaborate linguistic codes
refers to the profound shifts in women’s attitudes and aspirations in the 1990s, where women increasingly pursued education and careers traditionally dominated by men?
GENDERQUAKE
Becker’s “ideal pupil”
Becker’s study showed that teachers tend to label students who fit the “ideal pupil” image (middle-class, well-behaved) more favourably, affecting their academic outcomes.
Paul Willis found that boys in working-class backgrounds often develop anti-school subcultures, reinforcing gendered expectations around education and work...what subculture is this ?
anti school subculture
the process of assigning individuals to specific roles or positions within society based on their qualifications, abilities, and the requirements of those roles.
role allocation
viewed education as a bridge between the family (which teaches particularistic values) and the workplace (which teaches universalistic values), shaping students for social roles in work.
Parsons
According to Marxists, how do religion and family function as agents of ideological social control?
religion and family teach and reinforce capitalist values, such as obedience and respect for authority, while also legitimizing social hierarchies, contributing to the maintenance of the capitalist system.
WHO DISCUSSED THE PYGMALION EFFECT
Rosenthal and Jacobson