Education Introduction:
This Massachusetts school superintendent from the early 1800s is known for championing free education for all and establishing tax-funded "common schools
Horace Mann
According to functionalists, these are the intended and visible goals of education, such as teaching academic knowledge like reading and writing
This 2001 act required testing in grades 3-8 and tied federal funding to testing results, leading to the critique of "teaching to the test"
No Child Left Behind
This term describes how education instills American values like respect for authority, patriotism, and individualism.
Cultural Transmission
In 1896, this Supreme Court ruling legalized segregation in schools for decades by stating that "separate but equal" facilities were constitutional
Plessy V. Ferguson
These unintended and hidden outcomes of schooling include building social networks, establishing peer hierarchies, and providing childcare
Latent Functions
Since 1978, this act has increased investment in quality education for students with disabilities, focusing on inclusion and proper accommodations.
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)
This function involves identifying students early as "bright" or "challenged" and teaching them at levels that suit their perceived future social roles
Social Placement
This 1954 landmark Supreme Court decision unanimously declared that "separate but equal" has no place in public education, effectively ending legal school segregation.
Functionalist theory posits that schools serve this function by using testing and achievements to identify the most capable students for future leadership roles. (Note: This refers to the "Sorting Function" mentioned in the presentation content).
Sorting Function (or classifying potential)
This program was developed based on the 1965 Coleman Report to provide low-income students with preschool opportunities to bridge developmental deficits
Federal Head Start
Free, compulsory education in the 19th century was specifically designed for this purpose: to integrate diverse populations into a unified set of beliefs
Social Integration
Sparked by the Soviet Union's launch of Sputnik, this 1958 act provided massive federal funding for science, math, and foreign languages to bolster national security.
National Defense Education Act (NDEA)
This manifest function involves internalizing the rules and norms of broader society to create a "unified social fabric"
Socialization
This educational philosophy focuses on problem-solving and critical learning skills rather than the traditional rote memorization of fixed facts
Student-Centered Education
Education serves as this type of "engine" by providing the foundational knowledge and research tools necessary for breakthroughs in science and the arts.
Innovation Engines
This specific title of the 1965 Elementary & Secondary Education Act provides financial assistance for the education of low-income families
This category of manifest function describes how schools teach students to conform to the law and respect authority.
Social Control
Courts ordered these programs to move students to schools outside their own neighborhoods to achieve racial balance and diversity.
Busing Programs
By creating a shared cultural identity, education helps reduce this and promotes long-term societal stability
Social Conflict