Stroke
What is an ischemic stroke?
A stroke is caused by a blockage of blood flow.
Pain during walking relieved by rest.
Intermittent claudication
Characteristics of
Raynaus's phenomenon and Buerger's disease
Raynaud's: vessel narrowing (triggered by cold or stress)
White/Blue/Red
Buerger's: Inflammation of veins/arteries linked w smoking <40 y.o men (Chronic)
Indications for parenteral nutrition:
Bowel rest / Unwilling or unable to ingest / Intake insufficiency
Pre/post operative nutritional needs
This class of medications is used to treat ulcers and GERD by decreasing gastric acid secretion.
Histamine receptor antagonist (H2R)
- Famotidine (PEPCID) / Ranitidine (ZANTAC) -
What is B.E.F.A.S.T stand for?
Balance (Sudden loss of balance)
Eyes (Sudden Loss of vision)
Face ( sudden Facial weakness or drooping)
Arms (sudden Weakness or numbness)
Speech (Sudden slurred speech/ diff speaking)
Terrible headache (sudden onset)
Pulse quality in PAD.
Diminished or absent
Ulcer location.
Medial ankle
Underweight BMI.
<18.5
Ulcer-causing bacteria.
H. pylori
Left side stroke will affect?
R side of the of the body
Difficult understanding and expressing spoken and writting language
Verbal memory issues
Leading cause in majority PAD cases
Atherosclerosis
Characteristics of Venous Insufficiency (Appearence, wound, pain)
Brown pigmentation
Often near the ankle / wet / shallow
Aching/ heaviness
TPN is administered through:
CVCs: PICC line / Hickman Line
Gastric ulcer pain pattern.
Worse with food
What is tPA? What is the time onset?
It is an IV Thrombolytic. Helps to dissolve blood clots
4.5 hours window.
Best leg position for comfort in a patient with PAD.
Legs down (dependent)
Best intervention to relieve pain
Elevate legs
List two priorities when starting parenteral nutrition:
Monitor electrolytes (Refeeding syndrome)
Monitor glucose
Strict I/O
Daily weight
Assess fluid overload
This procedure is used to treat uncontrolled GERD by surgically tightening the lower esophageal sphincter.
Laparoscopic Nissen Fundoplication
Priority action for stroke with decreased LOC.
Maintain patent airway / A > B > Cs
Positioning
LOC monitoring
Most important lifestyle change.
Stop smoking
Why compression stockings?
Improve venous return
What is Refeeding syndrome?
Medical complication that resut from fluid and electrolytes shift. Presented by rapid decrease in phosporus, potassium and magnesium.
HYPOphosphatemia**, HYPOkalemia, HYPOmagnesemia.
Sign of upper GI bleed.
Coffee-ground emesis