Theorist and Their Theories
This theorist proposed a theory of cognitive development with four stages: sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational.
Jean Piaget
Why is understanding ed psych and child development important for educators?
Educational psychology is crucial for educators because it provides a foundation for understanding how students learn, develop, and grow.
What is classical conditioning?
Classical conditioning involves associating an involuntary response with a neutral stimulus
This type of conditioning, developed by B.F. Skinner, involves modifying behavior through the use of consequences, either positive or negative.
Operant Conditioning
What is the difference between a fixed mindset and a growth mindset?
A fixed mindset believes that intelligence is fixed, while a growth mindset believes that intelligence can be developed.
This theorist emphasized the role of social interaction and language development in cognitive growth.
Vygotsky
What is scaffolding in the context of Vygotsky's theory?
Scaffolding is the process of providing temporary support to a learner, gradually withdrawing the support as the learner becomes more competent.
What is the difference between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation?
Intrinsic motivation is motivation that comes from within, while extrinsic motivation is motivation that comes from external rewards or pressures.
This cognitive milestone, developed during Piaget's sensorimotor stage, is the understanding that objects continue to exist even when they are out of sight.
Object Permance
Children in this stage begin to understand concrete logic and can perform mental operations on objects.
Concrete Operational Stage (7-11 years)
This psychologist is considered the father of behaviorism, emphasizing the importance of observable behaviors and conditioning in learning.
Skinner
How might Vygotsky's theory of zone of proximal development be applied in a classroom setting?
Provide students with tasks that are slightly beyond their current capabilities, but with support from a more knowledgeable other.
This concept, coined by Lev Vygotsky, refers to the range of tasks that a child cannot yet perform independently but can accomplish with guidance from a more knowledgeable other.
Zone of Proximal Development
This stage is characterized by the ability to think abstractly, reason hypothetically, and engage in scientific reasoning.
Formal Operational Stage (11+ years)
In this stage of cognitive development, infants learn primarily through their senses and motor actions.
Sensorimotor Stage (0-2 years)
This American philosopher and educator is known for his progressive education philosophy, emphasizing experiential learning and the integration of theory and practice.
John Dewey
What are some educational implications of Piaget's theory of cognitive development?
Tailor instruction to students' cognitive development stages and provide opportunities for hands-on experiences.
In educational psychology, what is the fundamental difference between learning and development?
Learning is the acquisition of new knowledge or skills while development is the growth over time. This includes cognitive, physical, social....
Children in this stage are egocentric and struggle with conservation tasks.
Preoperational Stage (2-7 years)
This American psychologist proposed a hierarchical theory of human needs, suggesting that individuals must satisfy lower-level needs before moving on to higher-level needs.
Maslow
This Russian physiologist is known for his experiments on classical conditioning, where he paired a neutral stimulus with a conditioned response.
Pavlov
What is the role of the teacher in a constructivist classroom?
The teacher serves as a facilitator of learning, encouraging students to construct their own knowledge.
This term refers to a person's awareness of their own thought processes and their ability to monitor, regulate, and control their learning.
Metacognition
In Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, this stage during infancy is based on the quality of caregiving received.
Trust Vs Mistrust
In Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, this stage involves developing a sense of self and belonging.
Identity versus Role Confusion