Evolution
What is an example of an r-selected animal.
Mouse, Cockroach, fly, etc
What kind of symmetry and how many tissue layers do platyhelminths, nematodes, and annelids all have?
Bilateral symmetry and triploblastic (3 tissue layers).
What does a Node represent?
Common Ancestor
What are the steps towards speciation?
1. Genetic Isolation
2. Genetic Change
3. Mating Incompatibility
Is this worm male or female?
Female
If a population has the genotype frequencies of LL=0.6, LT=0.2, TT=0.2 is the population in HWE? Why or why not?
Not in HWE as genotype frequency predicted by HWE do not match actual values.
Which worm phylum has a closed circulatory system?
Annelida
What are two taxa connected by a most-recent common ancestor called?
Sisters
Give 3 examples of prezygotic isolation mechanisms.
- Temporal
- Spatial
- Behavioral
- Mechanical
- Gametic
Name organ 1 and 2.
1) Crop
2) Gizzard
A population of black and brown mice live near a volcano that sits within a desert. One day the volcano erupts and kills off half the population leading to a smaller population with only the genes for black fur.
What mechanism(s) of evolution occurred?
Genetic Drift
Which worm phyla are monoecious and which are dioecious
Monoecious: Annelida and Platyhelminthes
Dioecious: Nematoda
Around 42 Heterozygous rabbits
What are the 4 species concepts?
- Biological
- Morphological
- Ecological
- Genetic
Give the function and name of Organ 1 and 2.
1) Seminal Vesicles: Store sperm made by the worm to excrete while mating.
2) Seminal Receptacles: Receives and holds sperm from another worm after mating.
A population of lizards lived on an island without any natural predators. Within this population, lizards had a different sized limbs. One day a storm swept a small amount of lizards to a new island which had a lot of lizard-eating coyotes. Some of the lizards eventually developed shorter limbs so that they could dig holes and others developed longer limbs to climb trees. The lizards with medium-sized limbs couldn't escape the coyotes and died off.
Which evolutionary mechanism(s) occurred and what, if any, modes of evolution occurred?
Genetic Drift, Natural selection, Disruptive selection
Name the primary excretory organ in Turbellaria, Clitellata, and Nematoda.
Turbellaria: Protonephridia (flame cells)
Nematoda: Lateral Line (excretory canals)
Clitellata: Nephridia
On this tree, is a snake more closely related to a crocodile or a turtle?
Crocodile
Two species of octopus live in the same area but one prefers to hide in coral reefs while the other prefers to swim freely in the water. These two species never interact to interbreed. What type of speciation occurred and due to which isolation mechanism?
Sympatric speciation due to behavioral isolation.
What is section A called and what is section B called? What maturation state is section B considered?
A) Scolex
B) Proglottid/Immature
Write a story which explain how a deleterious trait arose in a population without using natural selection.
There is a population of crabs in which an individual had a germline mutation which caused all of its babies to no longer produce shells. Due to the lack of shell production most of the babies died off but a few continued to breed. One day a storm came and wiped out a majority of the population but a few of these "soft-shell" babies survived. This caused a drift within the population where now more crabs no longer had shells.
What is an anatomical feature present in other annelids which isn't present in leeches.
Setae
Draw 8 congruent trees.
Again Logan gets the points.
Give a speciation story which uses a prezygotic mechanism to explain sympatric speciation.
Logan gets points
On the Following Tree:
1) Assuming no reversals, how many times did a number greater than 9 evolve?
2) What kind of a group is A, B, and C?
1) 3 times (Branch 10, Branch 14-16, and Branch 17,11-13)
2) A is paraphyletic, B is monophyletic, and C is polyphyletic.