Renal
This hormone, released from the adrenal cortex as part of the RAAS pathway, increases sodium reabsorption in the kidneys to raise blood pressure.
What is Aldosterone?
This immune-mediated kidney condition develops 1–3 weeks after a streptococcal throat infection and results from antibody-antigen complexes depositing in the glomeruli, leading to hematuria and decreased GFR.
What is acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis?
This condition occurs when a clot travels through the venous system, lodges in the pulmonary arterial circulation, and obstructs blood flow through the lungs.
What is a pulmonary embolism?
This electrolyte is the major ion in the extracellular fluid.
What is sodium?
The nurse notices a client’s glomerular filtration rate (GFR) has decreased.
Which conditions could explain this change?
W️hat are,
A decrease in the client's blood pressure
️ A decrease in the client's renal perfusion
️ An increase in the client's age
This mechanism explains why patients with chronic renal failure often develop dependent edema and weight gain despite no increase in capillary permeability.
What is increased capillary hydrostatic pressure due to volume overload?
When a patient develops metabolic acidosis, this respiratory response occurs to decrease carbon dioxide and raise blood pH.
What is hyperventilation?
This condition occurs when serum albumin levels decrease, leading to reduced plasma colloidal osmotic pressure and fluid shifting out of the vascular space.
What is peripheral edema from decreased plasma colloidal osmotic pressure?
This enzyme converts Angiotensin I into Angiotensin II in the lungs.
What is ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme)?
A client with a high spinal cord injury requires long-term use of an indwelling catheter. The client is diagnosed with a ureteral calculus.
Which type of kidney stone is most likely present?
What is a struvite stone?
This laboratory calculation is used in metabolic acidosis to identify whether the cause is due to excess acid accumulation (such as ketoacidosis or lactic acidosis) versus bicarbonate loss.
What is the anion gap?
This patient is most at risk for developing isovolemic (euvolemic) hypernatremia, a condition where sodium concentration rises due to a greater loss of water than sodium.
Who is a patient with inadequate water intake?
Working outside in the summer heat increases kidney stone risk due to this pathophysiologic change.
What is dehydration leading to concentrated urine?
In the body’s primary buffering system, carbon dioxide (CO₂) combines with water (H₂O) to form this substance.
What is carbonic acid?
Inflammatory swelling of the airway wall, excess mucus production, and smooth muscle contraction of the bronchi.
What is mucous secretion, bronchoconstriction, and airway edema?
This system is activated in response to decreased renal perfusion and works to restore circulating volume and arterial pressure.
What is the role of the Renin–Angiotensin–Aldosterone System?
Recurrent UTIs can lead to this type of stone composed of magnesium ammonium phosphate.
What are struvite stones?
According to Starling forces, which alteration would cause fluid to move from the capillary into the interstitial space?
What is increased interstitial oncotic pressure?
A man sustains a puncture wound to the chest resulting in a tension pneumothorax.
Why is this condition life-threatening?
What is: Inspired air can become trapped and put pressure on organs?
During acidosis, hydrogen ions shift into cells. This ionic exchange causes what change in potassium levels?
What is: Higher hydrogen ions push potassium out of the cells creating hyperkalemia?