The one that has both a verb and a noun.
What is an Introductory Clause?
Assiduous
Diligent
The icecream truck man drove by my house today[] he had big hairy knuckles
The icecream truck man drove by my house today[;] he had big hairy knuckles
The one that has only a verb or a noun.
What is an Introductory Phrase?
Consternation
Dismay
She couldn’t stand listening to her sister’s voice[]a squeaky, obnoxious, relentless twittering[]for one more minute.
She couldn’t stand listening to her sister’s voice[--]a squeaky, obnoxious, relentless twittering[--]for one more minute.
Though the flowers were fading, their perfume remained strong.
Absolute Clause
Discerning
Perceptive
Bilingual New Mexicans are fairly common[] most speak Spanish.
Bilingual New Mexicans are fairly common[:] most speak Spanish.
To write a great essay, start with a good outline.
Infinitive Clause
Flippant
Disrespectful
Dear Ma’am[]
Dear Ma’am[:]
or
Dear Ma’am[,]
Opening her eyes, she saw early morning light peeking through the curtains.
Participial Clause
Ephemeral
Short-lived
While searching for a good place to get a unicorn burger, I traveled to Seattle[] Washington[] Tokyo[] Japan[] and London[] England
While searching for a good place to get a unicorn burger, I traveled to Seattle[,] Washington[;] Tokyo[,] Japan[;] and London[,] England