Direct Instruction Steps
The first step of direct instruction where the teacher sets learning goals and hooks student interest
What is stating learning objectives / establishing mental set?
Teachers should pause for at least this long after asking a question to improve response quality
What is 3 seconds
The specific math topic being taught in our elementary direct instruction example
What is 2-digit subtraction with regrouping
The specific high school history topic covered in our direct instruction example
What is USA Independence from Great Britain
Taking a concept learned in class and applying it to a brand-new situation outside of school is called this
What is transfer of learning
Checking if students remember yesterday’s lesson before introducing a new topic is this step
What is reviewing prerequisites?
Drawing names from a cup or card deck rather than taking volunteers prevents this issue
What is volunteer bias
The real-world story used as a hook/mental set to explain borrowing
What is sharing party cupcakes
How the teacher established a mental set and hooked student interest
What is connecting independence to students' lives today
Why teachers should use multiple, varied examples instead of just one textbook problem format
What is so students don't tie the concept to only one specific context
Quick check-in questions used during a lesson to see if students understand the material are called this
What are learning probes
Having the entire class hold up 1 finger for True or 2 fingers for False is an example of this
What is an all-pupil response
Physical manipulative blocks used during step-by-step instruction to show tens and ones visually
What are 10-stick bundles
The prerequisite knowledge reviewed before teaching the Revolution
What is the 13 Colonies and early colonial history
Letting students talk through concepts in their own words with peers is known as this
What is group talk / peer discussion
Giving students classwork while the teacher walks around to correct errors immediately represents these two steps
What are independent practice and feedback
State the concept rule, provide a clear example, and have a student restate the rule
What is the Rule-Example-Rule pattern
The tool the teacher used to pick students randomly for check-in questions
What are popsicle sticks with student names
The independent practice activity assigned at the end of the history lesson
What is a short writing activity analyzing colonial motives
Testing acid levels in science class and then testing tap water at home is an example of fostering this
What is real-world application / transfer of learning
Homework and periodic reviews spaced out over time to ensure long-term memory retention
What is distributed practice?
Research shows that increasing wait time beyond 3 seconds leads to these two major benefits
What are longer/higher-quality answers and higher participation from quieter students
Why the teacher walks around the room during seatwork rather than sitting at her desk
What is to provide immediate corrective feedback so students don't practice errors
How history teachers use random card draws during direct instruction
What is to conduct learning probes and check for understanding across the whole room
The primary difference between rote memorization and true transfer of learning
What is applying knowledge to novel/unseen situations vs. just repeating memorized facts on a test