Mechanisms
This signaling pathway, important for neural development, is downregulated by prenatal alcohol exposure.
What is Sonic Hedgehog?
This umbrella term describes a group of disorders caused by prenatal alcohol exposure.
What is fetal alcohol spectrum disorders?
Alcohol exposure can increase this process, reducing the number of cells available for normal development.
What is apoptosis?
This is the most severe form of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders.
What is fetal alcohol syndrome?
These cell-cycle regulators are altered by alcohol exposure, contributing to reduced cell proliferation.
What are G1 cyclins?
Alcohol can reach the developing embryo or fetus by crossing this structure.
What is the placenta?
The combination of increased apoptosis and decreased cell proliferation can cause this change in neural tube cell numbers.
What is a reduction in neural cell numbers?
Two broad types of abnormalities are associated with fetal alcohol syndrome
What are cognitive issues and craniofacial abnormalities?
The type of neurons impacted by downregulated shh.
What are motor neurons?
Although there is no known cure for FASD, these approaches can help improve outcomes, especially when started early.