Work measurements
_____ is defined as force * distance
What is work?
This is the maintenance of a constant internal environment
What is homeostasis?
Enzymes catalyze the rate of reactions by _____ the energy of activation
What is lowering?
This is the process of breaking down a fat for ATP production.
What is beta-oxidation?
The “knee jerk” or stretch reflex is due to the activation of this
What is the muscle spindle?
______ is the rate at which work is done
What is power?
This is the steady and unchanging level of some physiological variable
What is steady state?
This energy system has a tiny amount stored in our muscles; but easily and quickly accessible for ATP production
What is the ATP-PC system?
These carrier molecules transport hydrogen ions for later generation of ATP in the mitochondria in the aerobic phase
What are NAD and FAD?
These are ions that play a key role in changing the charge of the neuronal cell
What are Na and K?
This is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree Celsius
What is a calorie?
When you consistently and repeatedly challenge your body's homeostatic regulation this occurs
What is hormesis?
This energy system has a two phase component to get it started producing ATP
What is glycolysis
This is called the Universal Intermediate
What is acetyl-CoA?
The more ______ a neuron has, the faster it propagates the signal.
What is myelination? (What is myelin?)
Direct calorimetry is a means of determining energy expenditure and involves the measurement of this
What is heat production?
This is the most common mechanism by which we regulate our internal environment
What is negative feedback?
The end of glycolysis results in either the production of ____________ or ____________
What is pyruvate or lactate?
In the ETC, the final acceptor of electrons is
What is oxygen?
When this enters the cell, depolarization occurs
What is Na (sodium)?
Exercise efficiency is mathematically defined as
What is work ÷ energy expenditure *100
In negative feedback, the response of the system is to
What is lower the stimulus?
For every one Acetyl CoA that enters the Kreb’s cycle, how many NADH and FADH are produced?
What is 3 NADH and 1 FADH?
If glucose is the initial substrate, this many net ATP can be produced in the complete breakdown of glucose via aerobic metabolism?
What is 38 ATP?
T/F: Contraction force (strength) is dependent on the type of motor unit, size of motor unit, and number of motor neurons activated.
What is True?