Terminology
Nosocomial
Hospital-borne
Most likely to emerge
RNA
Viruses
Zoonoses
What are the reservoirs and accidental hosts for Nipah and Hendra?
Nipah: Flying fox (bat), accidental hosts humans, pigs
Hendra: Flying fox, accidental hosts humans, horses
What are the symptoms of measles?
Pathognomonic: Koptik spots - but may not be seen
Rash, flu-like symptoms (non-specific)
What 2 diseases have been eradicated?
Smallpox
Rinderpest
Host
Reservoir
Vector
Animal or human infected
The habitat in which a pathogen normally lives and replicates
Live animal that carries and transmits to another host
R0 values
Must be > 1 to persist
How many others will one infected host infect
Diseases with high R0
What are the vectors and reservoirs for malaria, WNV, and Lyme?
Malaria: mosquito vector (human reservoir)
WNV: mosquito vector, bird (robin) reservoir
Lyme: tick vector, mouse reservoir
How common is paralytic polio?
Most are asymptomatic
Small percentage paralytic polio
What makes a disease a good eradication candidate?
Control
Testing
Host species
Anything else?
Reverse zoonosis - examples?
Transmissible from humans to animals
Viral envelopes
Good or bad news?
How was "swine flu" transmitted in the 2009 outbreak?
Human to human
Plague transmission
Host? Vector? Reservoir?
What are the 2 types of transmission by fleas?
Differences between SARS and Covid
Symptoms? Incubation?
Epidemic
Pandemic
Endemic
Widespread in a region
Spread globally
Present at a baseline expected level in a population
Pathogen persistence
Low mortality
Short-term immunity
No effective vaccine
What are the syndromes seen in Lyme disease in dogs vs. people?
Dogs: Often asymptomatic, shifting-leg lameness common, Lyme nephritis serious complication
Humans: Usually symptomatic, bullseye lesion, cardiac and neuro serious complications
What are the two forms of TB?
Latent vs. active
What does it mean?
Mpox reservoir
Rodents (not monkeys)
Elimination vs. eradication
What is the difference between these terms?
Societal transitions
Hunter-gatherer...then what?
How do we approach rabies bite cases?
Fully vaccinated dog bites a person?
Fully vaccinated dog bitten by rabies vector species?
Wildlife bites a person?
Discuss...
What are the pros and cons of each polio vaccine type?
Oral polio: MLV, replicates in GIT - is this good or bad?
Injectable polio: Killed vaccine
How is MERS transmitted?
Endemic regions: Camel to human
Elsewhere: Human to human, usually nosocomial