Active/Passive Voice
Identify the voice. “The cake was eaten by the end of the party.”
Passive voice
Reword this passive sentence into active voice:
"The homework was completed by the entire group.’”
The entire group completed the homework.
Text structures refer to ways in which information can
be organized in ________ writing
Nonfiction (real stories)
This is an extreme exaggeration, such as “I have a million things to do.”
Hyperbole
"The school cafeteria had a serious issue with food waste. Students were throwing away nearly half of their lunches every day. To fix this, the administration started a program to donate unopened food to local shelters and encouraged students to only take what they could eat."
What text structure is this?
Problem-solution
Identify the voice. “The teacher praised the class for their hard work in preparation for the quiz.”
Active voice
Change this active sentence into passive voice:
‘The storm destroyed the old barn.’
The old barn was destroyed by the storm.
A chapter describes a tornado by explaining how it looks, sounds, and moves. What text structure is this?
Description
What type of figurative language does this sentence use? “Time is a thief.”
Metaphor
"Cats and dogs are both popular pets, but they have very different personalities. Dogs often enjoy outdoor activities and need more exercise, while cats are more independent and prefer to lounge indoors. Both animals provide companionship, but in different ways."
What text structure is this?
Compare & Contrast
Identify the subject (doer of the action), the action, and the voice. “Jason cleaned the science lab after school to earn extra income.”
Jason; cleaned; active voice
Rewrite this passive sentence into active voice:
“The trophies were polished yesterday.”
Possible answers:
I polished the trophies yesterday
The team polished the trophies yesterday
He/she polished the trophies yesterday
If a paragraph lists steps to make a peanut butter and jelly sandwich, what text structure is this?
This type of figurative language includes phrases like “costs an arm and a leg" or "hit the books."
Idiom
"In 1903, the Wright brothers built their first glider. By 1908, they had successfully flown a powered airplane. In 1914, they started training the first military pilots, and by 1920, aviation had become a major industry."
What text structure is this?
Chronology
In the sentence, ‘The ball was thrown by Marcus to John,’ who is performing the action? Is the sentence in active or passive voice?
Marcus; passive voice
Rewrite this sentence into active voice:
“The homework was completed by Maria.”
This structure shows how one event leads to another, often using words like “because,” “as a result,” or “therefore.”
Cause & Effect
In comics, words like “zap!” and “pow!” are used to create this effect.
Onomatopoeia
"After the heavy snowstorm, several roads were blocked and power lines were down. Consequently, many schools were closed, and some neighborhoods went without electricity for days. The storm also caused delays at airports, affecting thousands of travelers."
What text structure is this?
Cause & Effect
Why might an author choose to use passive voice instead of active voice?
Correct answers:
- To emphasize the results, consequence, or receiver of the action
- To "hide" to doer of the action
- To create a more formal/complex tone
Create a passive voice sentence using this subject and action: “Lesson / explained”
The lesson was explained by the teacher.
Name the six types of text structures
Sequence, chronology, description, compare-contrast, cause-effect, problem-solution
When an author writes “awfully good,” it is using this device to show contrast in one phrase.
Oxymoron
"The butterfly’s wings are painted with brilliant colors of orange, black, and white. Tiny scales cover the wings, giving them a soft texture. Its antennae are long and delicate, and its body is slim and fuzzy."
What text structure is this?
Description