Figurative Language & Poetry
What is the difference between connotation and denotation?
Connotation - implied, figurative meaning
Denotation - dictionary, literal meaning
How do you determine tone in a text?
Look at the word choice or diction the author uses
What 3 things are provided in the exposition of a story?
What is the difference between deductive, inductive, and abductive reasoning?
deductive - general rule to specific conclusion
inductive - specific observation to general conclusion
abductive - incomplete observation to best prediction
In what two ways will you be asked to compare paired passages?
1. the topic or theme
2. the genre and author's purpose
Name 3 components of a poem's form and structure.
Line length, white spacce, identation, line breaks, stanza breaks
Specific structures on the test: sonnet, villanelle
What are 2 ways the author's purpose can be determined?
background information, central ideas, text structure, rhetoric, tone
What is the relationship between the setting and the characters in a story?
The setting often reflects the character's mood and perspective or influences their decision-making.
What is the relationship between rhetoric and the author's reasoning?
The rhetorical appeals are the author's attempt to persuade. Therefore, examples of rhetoric are examples of the author's logic (especially logos).
What is the recommended game plan for attacking a paired passage on the test?
1. Read passage 1 and then answer P1 questions.
2. Read passage 2 & answer P2 questions.
3. Reread both passages & look for connections.
4. Answer questions asking about both passages.
Name 3 sound elements in a poem.
End rhyme, internal rhyme, slant rhyme, meter
alliteration, assonance, consonance,
onomatopoeia, repetition
What are the 3 rhetorical appeals and how are they used?
Ethos (ethical), pathos (emotional), and logos (logical) appeals make the response more memorable and persuasive.
In which part of the plot does the character face a series of complications? How does this develop the character?
Rising action - The trials and unsuccessful attempts to solve the conflict influences the character's next steps and leads to his or her transformation.
What is a logical fallacy?
an error in reasoning that renders an argument invalid, often appearing persuasive but lacking sound logic or evidence
What would you expect the difference in perspectves would be between an informational (nonfiction) text and a literary (fictional) one?
Nonfiction - objective perspective, 3rd person POV, factual
Fiction - subjective perspective, 1 person POV, personal
Name and define 2 literary devices (figurative language). Then, explain how figurative language impacts the meaning of a poem.
The use of figurative language provides an analogy, description, or image...and serves an example of the poem's theme.
What is the difference between rhetorical appeals and rhetorical devices?
Appeals - how the author attempts to affect the reader
Devices - the strategies the author uses to make the appeals
What is the relationship between characters and the plot?
Character wants = motivations
Motivation = character actions and interactions
Characters drive the plot forward.
Give an example of a logical fallacy and explain what it is.
Ad hominem (attack other's character), Ad populum (bandwagon/popularity), Hasty generalization (not enough evidence), Red herring (distract or misrepresent opposing claim), Slippery slope (if this...then that premise), Strawman (oversimplification and attack or misrepresentation), False analogy (incorrect comparison based on other shared characteristics), Circular reasoning (assuming what it is trying to prove), Non sequitir (a conclusion that doesn't logically follow the previous statement)
What is an archetype? Provide an example of one for setting/situation, character, and symbol.
"a universal, recurring symbol, theme, or character type that appears across different cultures and stories"
Setting: forest, garden, river, island, small town
Situation: good vs evil, a quest, a task, the journey
Character: the innocent, the ruler, the magician, the hero, the sage
Symbol: water, sun, snake, fire, river, circle
How does a poet's use of sound impact the poem's meaning?
Sound elements emphasize the words being rhymed or repeated. The patterns highlight key ideas. A break or change in pattern indicates a shift in the author's attitude or focus.
How does the author's use of rhetoric help in determining the author's purpose?
Pathos - to persuade
Logos - to inform
Ethos - to bring awareness to, or to debate
Which parts of the plot are used to reinforce the theme of the text?
The climax and falling action - whether the character gets what they want and how they respond to that outcome
If the character gets is, the theme involves the lesson the character learned or the way they changed.
If the character does not get it, the story and the theme is a cautionary tale.
How can rhetoric be used to analyze fallacies?
Ethos - How does he establish trust? Does he give himself too much credibility and/or attack his opponent?
Logos - How does he present his evidence? hat logical fallacies are present?
Pathos - Does the author use fear, guilt, or bandwagon tactices to manipulate instead of persuade?
What is the difference between the way a theme is developed in a short story versus a poem?
Theme in a short story is developed by the plot and characterization.
Theme in a poem is typically developed by the speaker, use of figurative language and the shift in the tone. It can also include the figurative meaning of the title.