ELA Module 4 Vocabulary

Two of a Kind

100

Self Possessed

calm, confident, and in control of one's feelings; composed

200

Succession

the action or process of inheriting a title, office, property, etc.:

"the new king was already elderly at the time of his succession"

300

Communion

• the sharing or exchanging of intimate thoughts and feelings, especially when the exchange is on a mental or spiritual level:"in this churchyard communion with the dead was almost palpable"
• 2.the service of Christian worship at which bread and wine are consecrated and shared:"Communion was celebrated once a month"

400

Habitation

the state or process of living in a particular place:"signs of human habitation"

500

Acquaintence

a person's knowledge or experience of something:"the students had little acquaintance with the language"

a person one knows slightly, but who is not a close friend:"a wide circle of friends and acquaintances"

600

Infirmities

physical or mental weakness:"old age and infirmity come to men and women alike"

700

Sympathetic

feeling, showing, or expressing sympathy:"he was sympathetic toward staff with family problems"

(of a person) attracting the liking of others:"Audrey develops as a sympathetic character"

800

Imminent

about to happen:"they were in imminent danger of being swept away"

900

Pariah

an outcast:"they were treated as social pariahs"

1000

Romance

a feeling of excitement and mystery associated with love:"in search of romance"

The Effects of Greed

100

Hierarchy

a system or organization in which people or groups are ranked one above the other according to status or authority:"the initiative was with those lower down in the hierarchy"

200

Candelabra

a large branched candlestick or holder for several candles or lamps:"candles in iron candelabra shed some light"

300

Gallentries

courageous behavior, especially in battle:"a medal awarded for outstanding gallantry during the raid"

polite attention or respect given by men to women:"no young man offers to carry this burden for her: such gallantry is out of fashion"

400

Economical

giving good value or service in relation to the amount of money, time, or effort spent:"a small, economical car"

500

Immoderate

not sensible or restrained; excessive:"immoderate drinking"

600

Comprised

consist of; be made up of:"the country comprises twenty states"

700

Usurers

a person who lends money at unreasonably high rates of interest.

800

Chagrin

distress or embarrassment at having failed or been humiliated:"Jeff, much to his chagrin, wasn't invited"

feel distressed or humiliated:"he was chagrined when his friend poured scorn on him"

900

Privations

a state in which things that are essential for human well-being such as food and warmth are scarce or lacking:"years of rationing and privation"

1000

Compound Interest

Compound interest is the interest calculated on the initial principal and also on the accumulated interest from previous periods.

Far, Far Away

100

Preface

an introduction to a book, typically stating its subject, scope, or aims.

200

Concession

a thing that is granted, especially in response to demands; a thing conceded:"the strikers returned to work having won some concessions"

300

Myopic

nearsighted.

400

Denominations

the face value of a banknote, coin, or postage stamp:"a hundred dollars or so, in small denominations"

a recognized autonomous branch of the Christian Church:"the Presbyterian community is the second largest denomination in the country"

500

Momentous

(of a decision, event, or change) of great importance or significance, especially in its bearing on the future:"a period of momentous changes in East-West relations"

600

Clarion

a shrill narrow-tubed war trumpet.

700

Gangrene

localized death and decomposition of body tissue, resulting from either obstructed circulation or bacterial infection:"gangrene set in, and her leg was amputated"

800

Silhouette

the dark shape and outline of someone or something visible against a lighter background, especially in dim light:"she paused to see its silhouette against the dimming sky"

900

Laboriously

in a way that takes considerable time and effort:"the boys were laboriously copying down sentences from the blackboard"

1000

Wholesale

the selling of goods in large quantities to be retailed by others:"if you want to sell large expensive pieces then wholesale is probably not the way to go"

Time and Place

100

Embedded

of an object) fixed firmly and deeply in a surrounding mass; implanted:"a gold ring with nine embedded stones"

200

Graft

a shoot or twig inserted into a slit on the trunk or stem of a living plant, from which it receives sap.

a piece of living tissue that is transplanted surgically.

300

Implants

Insert or fix (tissue or an artificial object) in a person's body, especially by surgery:"electrodes had been implanted in his brain"

400

Sockets

a natural or artificial hollow into which something fits or in which something revolves:"the eye socket"

an electrical device receiving a plug or light bulb to make a connection.

500

Restrictions

a limiting condition or measure, especially a legal one:"planning restrictions on commercial development"

600

Moderation

the avoidance of excess or extremes, especially in one's behavior or political opinions:"he urged them to show moderation"

700

Cobblestone

a small, round stone of a kind formerly used to cover road surfaces.

800

Factions

a small organized dissenting group within a larger one, especially in politics:"the left-wing faction of the party"

900

Busybody

a meddling or prying person:"others considered him an interfering busybody"

1000

Extremists

a person who holds extreme or fanatical political or religious views, especially one who resorts to or advocates extreme action:

Key Words

100

Contemporary Fiction

• Focuses on themes and issues relevant to modern society and culture.
• Often features diverse voices and perspectives, reflecting a range of experiences.
• Utilizes various narrative styles and structures, including non-linear storytelling.
• Explores complex characters and moral ambiguities rather than clear-cut heroes and villains.
• Frequently addresses topics such as identity, technology, and globalization.
• Engages with current events and social issues, making it relatable to today's readers.

200

Setting

the place or type of surroundings where something is positioned or where an event takes place:"cozy waterfront cottage in a peaceful country setting"

300

Adjectives

a word or phrase naming an attribute, added to or grammatically related to a noun to modify or describe it.

400

Precise wording

• Choose specific words that convey your exact meaning.
• Avoid jargon or overly complex language unless necessary.
• Use active voice to make sentences more direct and engaging.
• Eliminate unnecessary filler words to enhance clarity.
• Be consistent in terminology to avoid confusion.
• Tailor your language to your audience for better understanding.

500

Sensory Language

• Incorporate descriptive adjectives that appeal to the senses (sight, sound, taste, touch, smell).
• Use metaphors and similes to create relatable comparisons.
• Include specific details that evoke sensory experiences (e.g., "the sweet scent of blooming flowers").
• Vary sentence structure to maintain reader engagement and enhance imagery.
• Show, don’t tell; illustrate emotions and settings through sensory details rather than stating them outright.

600

Colloquial Language

• Colloquial language refers to informal, everyday speech used in casual conversation.
• It often includes slang, idioms, and regional expressions.
• This type of language varies significantly between different cultures and communities.
• Colloquial terms may not be appropriate in formal writing or speech.
• It reflects the social and cultural context of the speakers.
• Understanding colloquial language can enhance communication and connection with others.

700

Main Ideas

1. Identify the central theme or topic of the text.
2. Look for key points that support or elaborate on the main theme.

800

Themes

the subject of a talk, a piece of writing, a person's thoughts, or an exhibition; a topic:"the theme of the sermon was reverence"

900

Unreliable narrator

• An unreliable narrator is a character whose credibility is compromised.
• They may distort the truth due to personal biases or psychological issues.
• Their perspective can mislead readers about the story's events or characters.
• This technique creates tension and invites readers to question the narrative.
• Unreliable narrators often reveal deeper themes or truths through their distortions.

1000

Explicit

stated clearly and in detail, leaving no room for confusion or doubt:"the speaker's intentions were not made explicit"

More Key Words

100

Implicit

implied though not plainly expressed:"comments seen as implicit criticism of the policies"

200

Inferences

a conclusion reached on the basis of evidence and reasoning:"researchers are entrusted with drawing inferences from the data"

300

Interpretation

the action of explaining the meaning of something:"the interpretation of data"

400

Dialogue

conversation between two or more people as a feature of a book, play, or movie:"the book consisted of a series of dialogues"

500

Suspense

a state or feeling of excited or anxious uncertainty about what may happen:"come on, Fran, don't keep me in suspense!"

600

Pacing

a single step taken when walking or running:"Kirov stepped back a pace"

700

Feedback

information about reactions to a product, a person's performance of a task, etc. which is used as a basis for improvement:"throughout this process we have obtained valuable feedback"

800

Revision

the action of revising:"the plan needs drastic revision"

900

Sensory Details

• Use descriptive language to evoke the five senses: sight, sound, smell, taste, and touch.
• Include specific adjectives and verbs that create a clear picture in the reader's mind.
• Engage emotions by connecting sensory experiences to feelings or memories.
• Show, don’t tell; illustrate scenes through sensory experiences rather than stating facts.

1000

Figurative Language

• Figurative language uses words or expressions with meanings different from the literal interpretation.
• Common types include similes, metaphors, personification, and hyperbole.
• It enhances writing by adding depth, emotion, and imagery.
• Figurative language helps convey complex ideas in a relatable way.
• It is often used in poetry, literature, and everyday speech for emphasis and creativity.