All about electricity
What is electricity?
the movement of electrons from one atom to another along a conductor
What is an inverter?
an apparatus that changes direct current to alternating current
What is electrotherapy?
the use of electrical currents to treat the skin
What is a volt?
also known as voltage; the unit that measures the pressure or force that pushes electric current forward through a conductor
What are the different radiation waves? Give examples of each.
Radio waves (radios and television), microwaves (microwave ovens), light waves (infrared light, visible light, and ultraviolet light used for light therapy services), x-rays (physicians and dentists), gamma rays (nuclear power plants)
Give 2 examples of a conductor and 2 examples of a nonconductor.
conductor: copper and tap water
nonconductor: rubber and silk
What is a rectifier?
an apparatus that changes alternating current to direct current
What is a galvanic current? What is it used for?
galvanic current: constant and direct current, having a positive and negative pole, that produces chemical changes when it passes through the tissues and fluids of the body (used to infuse water-soluble products into unbroken skin)
What is an ampere? How does a milliampere relate?
ampere: also known as amp; the unit that measures the strength of an electric current
milliampere: 1/1,000 of an ampere
What 3 things is natural sunlight made of?
1. visible light (35%)
2. invisible infrared light (60%)
3. invisible ultraviolet light (5%)
What is a complete electric circuit?
the path that negative and positive electric currents take from the generating source through the conductors and back to the generating source
What is an alternating current (AC)? Give an example.
a rapid and interrupted current, flowing first in one direction and then in the opposite direction; produced by mechanical means and changes directions 60 times per second (corded hair dryers, table lamps, electric files)
What is microcurrent? List 4 benefits.
an extremely low level of electricity that mirrors the body’s natural electrical impulses
benefits: improves blood and lymph circulation, opens and closes hair follicles and pores, increases muscle tone, restores elasticity
What electric measurement do we use on facial and scalp treatments?
milliampere
What are ultraviolet A, B, and C most associated with?
UVA: tanning beds
UVB: sunburn
UVC: ozone
What is an electric current?
the flow of electricity along a conductor
What is a direct current (DC)? Give an example.
a constant, even-flowing current that travels in one direction only and is produced by chemical means (flashlights, cell phones, and cordless tools use direct current produced by batteries)
What is Tesla high frequency current? List 3 benefits.
a thermal or heat-producing current with a high rate of oscillation or vibration that is commonly used for scalp and facial treatments
benefits: stimulates blood circulation, increases skin metabolism, improves germicidal action
What is an ohm?
the unit that measures the resistance of an electric current
What is light therapy?
also known as phototherapy; the application of light rays to the skin for the treatment of wrinkles, capillaries, pigmentation, or for hair removal
What are conductors and nonconductors?
conductor: any material that conducts electricity
nonconductor: is a material that does not transmit electricity
Compare and contrast direct current and alternating current.
Hint: there is a chart
direct current: constant, even flow; travels in one direction; produced by chemical means
alternating current: rapid and interrupted flow; travels in two directions; produced by mechanical means
What processes take place during a galvanic current? Explain the differences.
cataphoresis: produces acidic reactions, closes pores, soothes nerves, decrease blood supply, contracts blood vessels, hardens and firms tissue
anaphoresis: produces alkaline reaction, opens pores, stimulates and irritates nerves, increase blood supply, expands blood vessels, softens tissue
What is a watt? How does kilowatt relate?
watt: the unit that measures how much electric energy is being used in one second
kilowatt: 1,000 watts
What is wavelength and waveform?
wavelength: the distance between successive peaks of electromagnetic waves
waveform: the measurement of the distance between two wavelengths