Electrical Theory
True or False:
Electric current is the movement of electrons from one atom to another.
False
prevents excessive current from passing through a circuit
DOUBLE JEOPARDY! how does it work to prevent fires?
fuse
DOUBLE JEOPARDY! blows out or melts when the wire becomes too hot from overloading the circuit with too much current
Who certifies the safety of electrical appliances
UL or Underwriters Laboratories
Catalysts
measures pressure or force that pushes electric current forward through a conductor
Volt (V) or Voltage
What is a conductor?
100 points each - Name three conductors.
Any material that conducts electricity
Example: metal, copper, and tap water
You are doing facial using a mag lamp, steamer, microdermabrasion machine, ring light to record, hot towel cabinet, and kettle; when your power and goes out. What should be your first thought?
Flip the main circuit switch on the circuit breaker
What are the two electrodes and list the differences?
Anode - positive, usually red, or marked with P
Cathode - negative, usually black, marked with N
What's difference between waveform and wavelength?
waveform: distance between two wavelength
wavelength: distance between successive peaks
measures resistance of an electric current
DOUBLE JEOPARDY! What measurement must be more than the resistance for the current to flow?
ohm (O)
DOUBLE JEOPARDY! Force (V) must be stronger than resistance (O)
A material that does not transmit electricity
DOUBLE JEOPARDY! What's another for it?
Non-conductor
DOUBLE JEOPARDY! Insulator
What is GFI?
DOUBLE JEOPARDY! Where are these usually placed?
Ground Fault Interrupter
protects from electrical shock by interrupting a household circuit when there is leak in the circuit; defined to "trip" the breaker"
DOUBLE JEOPARDY! where shock hazards are likely
Electricity is a form of energy that exhibits what three effects? (100 each)
thermal, magnetic, or chemical
The application of light rays to the skin for treatment of wrinkles, capillaries, pigmentation, or hair removal?
light therapy or phototherapy
measures how electric energy is being used
DOUBLE JEOPARDY! what's the time frame of the energy being used?
Watt (W)
DOUBLE JEOPARDY! per second
Define the difference between AC and DC. (3)
DOUBLE JEOPARDY: Provide 3 examples of each.
Direct: constant, even flowing current, travels in one direction, and produced by chemical means [phones, flashlights, cordless handheld devices]
Alternating: rapid, interrupted current, flows in both directions, and produced by mechanical means [corded tools]
Iontophoresis- infusing water soluble into the skin
Cataphoresis- fusing acidic (positive) product
Anaphoresis- infusing alkaline (negative) product
Desincrustation- form of anaphoresis, softens and emulsifies sebum
Positive and negative poles of an electric current
Polarities
The name given to all forms of energy?
200 points: Name 5 main categories
Electromagnetic Spectrum
DOUBLE JEOPARDY! radio waves, light waves, microwaves, x rays, and gamma rays
What is the term for 1,000 W?
DOUBLE JEOPARDY! What is the term for 1/1,000 of an ampere?
Kilowatts
DOUBLE JEOPARDY! Milliampere
What apparatus changes direct current to an alternating current?
DOUBLE JEOPARDY! What apparatus changes alternating current to direct current?
Inverter
DOUBLE JEOPARDY! Rectifier
What completes the electric current and carries the current away?
grounding or grounding pin
What is used as an applicator for directing electric current from an electrotherapy device to the client's skin?
Electrode
What is natural sunlight made of?
35% visible light, 60% invisible infrared, and 5% invisible ultraviolet
measures strength of an electric current
Amp (A)