Definitions
What is it called when K+ <3.5 mEq/L in the blood?
What is Hypokalemia ?
Severe hypomagnesemia causes which physiologic effect?
A) Increased neuromuscular activity excitability
B) Increased cardiac output
C) Neuromuscular blockade leading to respiratory depression
What is C) Neuromuscular blockade leading to respiratory depression?
Hyperkalemia has the acronym "MURDER" to describe its signs and symptoms; guess they sign or symptom that represented by the letter "U"?
Hint: Muscle weakness, U_ _ _ _ Abnormalities, Respiratory Distresses/EKG changes, Reflexes
What is (U)rine Abnormalities
If a patient is taking Potassium-sparing diuretics, what is the patient at risk of developing?
What is HYPERKALEMIA?
Risk factors:
Kidney disease (CKD/AKI), RAAS inhibitors, Potassium-sparing diuretics, Excessive Potassium supplements, Tissue breakdown (rhabdomyolysis/trauma), Diabetes, and Heart failure.
Which is most appropriate for treating severe hyperkalemia in a Patient with STAGE 3 CKD?
a) insulin only
b) hemodialysis
c) give a lot of free water
d) calcium gluconate 1-2g IV
What is B) Hemodialysis ?
What is it called when Magnesium is > 2.5 mEq/L?
What is Hypermagnesemia ?
What is the common effect of hypokalemia on the muscles?
A) muscle weakness
B) increased contractions
C) headaches
What Electrolyte imbalance shows ECG changes such as peaked waves, flatten T waves and prolongation?
What is Hyperkalemia?
Which condition most likely predisposes you to hypomagnesemia?
a) ESRD
B) Addisons disease
c) Tumor lysis syndrome
d) Chronic alcohol use disorder
What is B) Chronic Alcohol Use disorder
What is the best treatment for torsades due to hypomagnesemia?
A) Calcium gluconate
B) Oral potassium chloride 10meq QD
C) Oral magnesium oxide 800mg QD
D) IV Magnesium Sulfate 2g
D) What is IV Magnesium Sulfate 2g ?
What it called when you receive a falsely elevated potassium level in a blood sample that does not reflect the patient’s true physiological potassium concentration?
What is Pseudo-hyperkalemia?
Why is hypokalemia hard to fix when magnesium is low?
a) Potassium is not absorbed
b) Potassium moves in the cell
C) Potassium is excreted in the Urine
What is C) Potassium is lost in the urine
This electrolyte imbalance has Chvostek or Trousseau sign?
Hint: Can cause decreased muscle movement and severe muscle weakness
What is hypermagnesemia?
Which medication is most likely associated with hypokalemia?
a) spironolactone
b) Furosemide
c) lisinopril
d) Trimethoprim
What is B) Furosemide?
Which of these treatments REMOVES potassium from the body?
A) Calcium carbonate
B) Glucose
C) Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate
What is C) Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate ?
What it called when K+ is > 6.5 mEq/L?
What is Severe hyperkalemia?
What is the effect of hypermagnesium?
a) decreased nerve activity
b) slow movement
c) increased nerve activity (seizures) and muscle activity
What is C) increased nerve activity (seizures) and muscle activity ?
Severe hypermagnesemia can cause respiratory depression? true or false
What is True?
Which scenario would the ICU be causing hypermagnesemia risk in a patient?
A) Massive magnesium transfusions in a healthy human being
B) Giving Massive Magnesium containing antacids in renal failure
What is B) magnesium containing antacids in renal failure?
What is the key principle of treating refractory hypokalemia?
A) increase KCL dose only
B) add bicarbonate
C) correct magnesium first
D) restrict fluids
What is C) correct magnesium first?
What is it called when you have too much magnesium in the blood. Mg = >2.5 mEq/L
What is Hypermagnesemia?
which are these are correct?
a) HYPER K - Heart danger
b) HYPO K- Weak muscles
c) HYPER Mg - body shut down (respiratory depression)
d) HYPO Mg - seizures
DOUBLE TROUBLE
What is ABCD ?
Hyperkalemia can present with ascending paralysis that mimics Gillian Barre syndrome.
True or False
What is True?
a) hypokalemia
b) hyperkalemia
c) hypermagnesemia
d) hypomagnesemia
DOUBLE TROUBLE!
What is A and D? hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia
Patient come in with N/V, and you check his electrolytes, His K and mg is both low, which agent will we be using first?
A) Potassium chloride 20 TO 40MEQ IV
B) Magnesium sulfate 2mg IV
What is B) Magnesium Sulfate 2mg IV?