Sodium
Potassium
Calcium
Magnesium
Phosphorus
100

Signs and Symptoms of Hypernatremia?

Restlessness, dry mouth, excessive thirst, oliguria, weight loss, peripheral edema, elevated blood pressure

100

What is a normal potassium?

3.5-5.0 mEq/L

100

Signs and Symptoms of Hypocalcemia

poor dietary intake, muscle spasms, parathesia, EKG changes: prolonged ST and QT intervals

Trousseau's sign: spasm of fingers when b/p inflated on upper arm

Chvostek's sign: facial twitch one side of face evoke when tapping just below and in front of ear

Weak thready piuse

100

Signs and Symptoms of Hypomagnesemia

Hyperactive deep tendon reflexes, numbness & tingling, tetany, depression, confusion, ileus

100

What is the normal Phosphorus level?

2.5-4.5 mEq/L

200

 Signs of Hyponatremia?

restlessness, dry mucous membranes, excessive thirst, postural hypotension, tachycardia, weak thready pulse, thready weak pulse, oliguria

200

Causes of hypokalemia?

GI loss through vomiting, diarrhea, use of laxatives, Cushing's Syndrome, wound drainage, Alkalosis, Renal Disease: impaired reabsorption, water intoxication

Medication: insulin, ASA, prednisone, lithium, laxatives, & gentamycin.

200

Causes of Hypocalcemia

Malnutrition, Lactose intolerance, Malabsorption, Renal diease, diarrhea, steatorrhea (oily smelly stool that float), Alkalosis, Acute pancreatitis, Alcoholism

200

Signs and Symptoms Hypermagnesemia

Peripheral vasodilation, Bradycardia, Hypotension, Coma, Loss of Deep Tendon Reflexes, cardiac arrest

200

Signs of Hyperphosphatemia

Hypocalcemia, increased RBC count, Altered Mental Status, delirium, coma, hypotension, cataracts

300

What is the normal level of Sodium?

135-145 mEq/L

300

 Signs and Symptoms of Hypokalemia

Fatigue, weak irregular pulse, muscle weakness, cramps, nausea/vomiting, ileus, decreased reflexes, polyuria, Hyperglycemia, confusion.

EKG changes: ST depression, flattened T wave, bradycardias, ventricular dysrhythmias

300

Signs and Symptoms of Hypercalcemia?

Increased Heart Rate and Blood Pressure, high levels will cause bradycardia, blood clots, decreases deep tendon reflexes, decreased peristalsis (constipation), hypoactive bowel sounds, flank pain, fractures

300

What is the normal level of Magnesium?

1.3-2.5 mEq/L

300

Causes of Hyperphosphatemia?

Chemotherapy, tumor lysis syndrome renal insufficiency, burns, heat related illness, prolonged immobility, hypocalcemia

400

Causes of hyponatremia?

Wound drainage, renal disease, certain malignancies: prostate, small cell lung cancer & renal cell cancer, SIADH (Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion)

400

Signs and Symptoms of Hyperkalemia?

EKG Changes: tall-peaked T waves, ventricular fibrillation, vetricular tachycardia, prolonged PR intervals, loss of P Wave

irritibility, abdominal pain, diarrhea, weakness, paresthesia, 

400

What is the normal Calcium?

8.5-10.5 mg/L

400

Causes of Hypomagnesemia?

Malnutrition, Hypocalcemia, steatorrhea, Crohns, Acute Pancreatitis, Renal Disease, Alcoholism, Diuretics, aminoglycoside antibiotics, Primaxin

400

Causes of hypophosphatemia?

Alcohol withdrawal, DKA recovery phase, chronic ingestion of phosphate binding antacids, TPN with inadequate phosphorus supplementation, Malabsorption Syndrome, Hypercalcemia, Aluminum-containing antacids and diuretics

500

 Causes of hypernatremia?

excessive sodium intake from hypertonic IV saline solutions, tube feedings with high sodium content, inadequate water intake (dehydration), excessive water loss (fever, heat stroke, hyperventilation), excessive corticosteroids, Hyperaldosterone, lithium, colchicine, vinblastine & gentamycin 

500

Causes of Hyperkalemia

Acidosis, chronic use of diuretics, excessive intake of potassium rich foods, crush injuries, Burns, Sepsis, Ace inhibitors, Multiple blood transfusins ( preservatives)

500

Causes of hypercalcemia?

Excessive oral intake of calcium, excessive para thyroid hormone, renal failure, thiazide diuretics, hyperthyroidism, acidosis, Leukemia

500

Cause of Hypermagnesemia

Excessive Magnesium Intake, Shock, Burns, Adrenal Insufficiency, Sepsis, Thiazide Diuretic Abuse,Shock

500

Signs of Hypophosphatemia

Muscle weakness, diplopia, dysphagia, dysarthria, decrease respiratory rate tidal volume, hypotension, hyporeflexia, coma