Potassium
What is the normal range for potassium?
3.5-5.0
What are the signs of Hypercalcemia?
Kidney stones, constipation, muscle weakness and lethargy
What does sodium maintain in the body?
blood pressure/volume/pH balance
What are signs of hypermagnesemia?
heart block
hypotension and bradycardia
decreased deep tendon reflexes
hyporeflexia
what is the normal phosphate
3.0-4.5
What are signs of hyperkalemia?
peaked T waves and ST elevation
Severe V Fib and cardiac arrest
hypotension and bradycardia
What are signs of hypocalcemia?
Trousseaus (involuntary movement)
chvosteks sign cheeky smile
diarrhea
weak B's bones, blood clotting, and beats.
What are signs of Hypernatremia?
edema
increased muscle tone
flushed red, rosy skin
swollen dry tongue
What are signs of hypomagnesemia?
torsades de pointes and V fib
hyper-reflexia
diarrhea
hyperactive bowel sounds
What electrolyte is low when phosphate is high
calcium
What treatement is used for hyperkalemia?
IV calcium gluconate
IV 50% dextrose, regular insulin
Kayexalate
What causes hypocalcemia?
hypoparathyroid and thyroidectomy
What causes Hypernatremia?
watery diarrhea
Loss of thirst
What is the treatment for hypomagnesemia?
give magnesium sulfate
what electrolyte is high when phosphate is low
calcium
What are signs of hypokalemia
Flat T wave, ST depression and U wave
weak irregular pulse
What causes hypercalcemia?
Hyperparathyroidism
High PTH
what are signs of hyponatremia?
Headache (cerebral edema)
mental status changes
seizure and coma
respiratory arrest
What does magnesium do to the muscles?
It relaxes the muscles it mellows the muscles
What are the signs of a high phosphate?
The same as low calcium
trousseaus sign
chvosteks sign
diarrhea
weak B's bones, blood clotting, and beats
What is the treatment for hypokalemia?
heart monitor
10-20 mEq of potassium per hour IV pump
What is the normal range for Calcium?
9.0-10.5
What causes hyponatremia?
excess water intake
SIADH
What is hypomagnesemia
low magnesium the muscles are not mellow they are super excited
What are the signs of a low phosphate level?
the same as a high calcium
kidney stones
constipation
severe muscle weakness and lethargy