foods rich in electrolytes
What foods are potassium rich?
Any fruit
Green leafy vegetables (spinach)
Salt substitute
What is the normal serum level of sodium?
135-145 mEq/L
What are the S/S of hypo/hypernatremia?
hypo- Anorexia, N/V, Weakness, Lethargic, Confusion, Muscle cramps/twitching, Seizures
hyper- Thirsty, Elevated body temp, Dry mouth
If Severe: Hallucinations, Irritability, Lethargy, Seizures
What are the nursing interventions for hypo/hypernatremia?
hypo- eat Na+ rich foods, monitor all systems, hypertonic solutions
hyper- Assess for abnormal water losses or low water intake, monitor I & O, Gradual lowering of Na level with hypotonic IV solutions
What causes hypo/hypernatremia?
hypo- Fluid shift from ICF-ECF, Inadequate Salt Intake, diuretics, dehydration, heart/kidney/liver problems, drinking too much H2O, excessive diarrhea
hyper- Fluid deprivation, Administration of hypertonic enteral feedings,Watery diarrhea(hypotonic fluid loss!), Heat stroke, Near saltwater drowning, IV administration of hypertonic saline
What foods are rich in sodium?
Table salt
Cheese
Spices
Canned foods
Processed foods
What is the normal serum level for potassium?
3.5-5 mEq/L
What are the S/S of hypo/hyperkalemia?
hypo- N/V/D, Anorexia, Muscle weakness, Dysrhythmias, Paresthesia, Flat T wave on ECG
hyper- Muscle weakness, Dysrhythmias, Peaked T waves on ECG, Intestinal colic (cramps), Flaccid paralysis (severe)
What are the nursing interventions for hypo/hyperkalemia?
hypo- Oral K+ Supplements, eat K+ rich food, IV K+,
hyper- Monitor I/O’s, Monitor K level, Teach about avoiding high potassium foods for people with renal failure, Medications to help remove (kayexelate/insulin and dextrose)
What causes hypo/hyperkalemia?
hypo- Furosemide, Cushing syndrome (increased Aldosterone), Vomiting/diarrhea, Wound drainage, NG suctioning, Diaphoresis, Renal disease, lack of K+ foods
hyper- too much rich K+ foods, infections/ tumor lysis syndrome/burns (tissue damage- K+ move from ICF to ECF), K+ sparing diuretics, renal disease, Adrenal insufficiency (Addison’s disease)
What foods are rich in magnesium?
Spinach
Almonds
Yogurt
Green veggies
What is the normal serum level for magnesium?
1.6-2.6 mEq/L
What are the S/S of hypo/hypercalcemeia?
hypo- Diarrhea, numbness/tingling extremities, muscle cramps, tetany, convulsions, positive Trousseau’s and Chvostek’s signs
hyper- Muscle weakness, constipation, N/V, bizarre behavior, kidney stones, bradycardia
What are the nursing interventions for hypo/hypercalcemia?
hypo- Encourage increased Ca intake, administer calcium supplements, If severe, seizure precautions and IV Calcium Gluconate
hyper- Monitor I/O, Serum Calcium, discourage Ca intake, eliminate any calcium supplements, fiber, renal dialysis if severe
What causes hypo/hypercalcemia?
hypo- hypoparathyroidism, malabsorption, Vitamin D deficiency
hyper- Hyperparathyroidism, malignant bone disease, prolonged immobilization, excess Ca supplements, Thiazide diuretics
What foods are rich in calcium?
Milk
Cheese
Green veggies
What is the normal serum level in phosphate?
2.5-4.5 mEq/L
What are the S/S of hypo/hypermagnesemia?
hypo- Neuromuscular irritability, disorientation, mood changes, dysrhythmias
hyper- Flushing/warm skin, Low BP, Lethargic, hypoactive reflexes, depressed respirations, bradycardia
What are the nursing interventions for hypo/hypermagnesemia?
hypo- Monitor Serum Mg levels, Encourage Mg rich foods, avoid alcohol
hyper- Monitor Serum Mg levels, VS/airway, reflexes, avoid Mg based antacids/laxatives, restrict foods high in Mg
What causes hypo/hypermagnesemia?
hypo- chronic alcoholism, malabsorption, DKA, prolonged NG suctioning
hyper- Renal failure, adrenal insufficiency, excess replacement
What foods are rich in chloride?
What foods are rich in phosphate?
Chloride- w/ salty foods & in salt substitutes
Phosphate- dairy, meats, beans
What is the normal serum level for calcium?
8.5-10.5 mEq/L
What are the S/S of hypo/hyperphosphatemia?
hypo- paresthesia, joint stiffness, seizures, impaired oxygenation
hyper- Tetany symptoms, N/T of extremities, calcification of soft tissue
What are the nursing interventions for hypo/hyperphosphatemia?
hypo- Monitor Serum Phos levels, monitor Ca levels as Phos is replaced, Start TPN slowly to avoid sudden drops in phos
hyper- Monitor Serum Phos levels, monitor for tetany, Can give aluminum hydroxide with meals to bind w/ phosporus
What causes hypo/hyperphosphatemia?
hypo- alcohol withdrawal, DKA, refeeding after prolonged starvation
hyper- Renal failure, hyperthyroidism, chemo