Sodium
The normal range for sodium levels in the body
What is 135-145
The normal range for potassium levels in the body
The normal calcium range is
8.5-10.5
The normal range for magnesium
What is 1.5-2.5
2.5-4.5
Causes of hyponatremia
What is diaphoresis, diuretics, renal disease, low intake,
or
Water gain: Heart failure, SIADH, Hyperaldosteronism
Causes of hypokalemia
What is Renal losses such as wasting diuretics,
GI losses: vomiting, diarrhea, NG suctioning, GI fistula
This vitamin is critical for calcium absorption
Vitamin D
As a diuretic, excessive consumption of this substance causes the kidneys to increase the excretion of this electrolyte.
What is alcohol
Causes of hypophosphatemia
What is malabsorption, phosphate binding antacids, diuretics, DKA, etoh dependency, GI loss, burns, starvation/malnutrition
Common manifestations of hyponatremia
What is SALT LOSS (mnemonic)
Stupor/coma, Anorexia (N/V), Lethargy, Tachycardia
Limp muscles, Orthostatic hypotension, Seizures/HA, Stomach cramping
Manifestations of hypokalemia
What is Slow peristalsis, weakness, hypoflexia, flattened T waves, weak pulse, shallow respirations
Manifestations of hypocalcemia
twitching, spams, tetany, positive Chostestek & Trousseau signs, weak pulse, stridor, convulsions, seizures
Manifestations of hypomagnesemia
Hypertension, tachycardia, hyperactive reflexes, irritability, tetany and seizures
Manifestations of hypophosphatemia
What is weakness, fatigue, anorexia, rhabdomyolysis, loss of bone density, memory loss, confusion, hypotension, cardiac arrhythmias.
Causes of hypernatremia
What is hyperaldosteronism, Cushing's disease, renal failure, excessive intake, dehydration, fever, hypotonic diarrhea, sweating, diabetes insipidus
Potassium rich foods
Green leafy vegetables, yogurt, bananas, apricots, oranges, carrots, plantains, trout, tuna, tomatoes, potatoes, milk
Manifestations of hypercalcemia
What is bone pain, arrhythmias, cardiac arrest, kidney stones, muscle weakness, excessive urination
Manifestations of hypermagnesemia
What is bradycardia, hypotension, lethargy and coma, decreased DTR, respiratory failure
Manifestations of hyperphosphatemia
What is paresthesia, twitching, spasms, tetany, nervousness, irritability, tachycardia, dysrhythmias, dry and brittle skin/nails
Common manifestations of hypernatremia
What is rapid cell membrane depolarization, agitation and confusion, twitching, decreased contractility, thirst, decreased urine output, pulmonary edema, low grade fever, facial flushing
Hyperkalemia interventions
Decrease potassium intake (PO,IV)
admin sodium bicarb, calcium gluconate
Interventions to treat hypercalcemia
Stop CA intake, admin meds to decrease ca level (phosphorus/ calcitonin)
Hypermagnesemia interventions
IV fluids, diuretics, dialysis, IV calcium gluconate, education on a low Mg diet
Interventions for hyperphosphatemia
phosphate binding agents, IV fluids or dialysis, education on avoiding phosphorous laxatives, taking antacids with meals, low Phos diet