Sodium
A sodium level below this is defined as hyponatremia.
What is 135 mEq/L?
This electrolyte imbalance commonly causes peaked T waves.
What is hyperkalemia?
This is the normal range for calcium.
What is 9-10.5?
Phosphate has this relationship with calcium.
What is an inverse relationship?
Alchohol use disorder commonly causes this magnesium balance.
What is hypomagnesemia?
Alcohol acts as a diuretic, causing the kidneys to excrete excess magnesium, while also decreasing intestinal absorption and worsening malnutrition
This imbalance commonly causes intense thirst and dry mucous membranes.
What is hypernatremia?
This medication commonly causes hypokalemia?
What is loop diuretic (example - furosemide)?
This gland primarily regulates calcium levels.
What is the parathyroid gland?
Chronic kidney disease commonly causes this imbalance.
What is hyperphophatemia?
In Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), the kidneys lose their ability to filter and excrete excess phosphorus. As the Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) drops, the body retains phosphorus. This buildup leads to hyperphosphatemia
You will likely note this effect on deep tendon reflexes in a patient with hypermagnesemia.
What is decreased or absent reflexes?
excess magnesium acts as a physiological calcium blocker
This endocrine disorder commonly causes dilutional hyponatremia.
What is SIADH? (Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone)
This potassium imbalance increases the risk for life-threatening dysrhythmias.
What is hypokalemia? Can accept hyperkalemia with rationale.
A low calcium level causes a condition in which an involuntary twitching of the facial muscles (typically around the eye, nose, or mouth) is triggered by gently tapping the facial nerve just in front of the ear. This is known as.
What is a positive Chovstek's sign?
This medication is commonly used to treat hyperphosphatemia.
What is a phosphate binder?
This medication is commonly used to reverse severe hypermagnesemia.
What is calcium gluconate?
Due to magnesium blocking calcium in the body this is used to reverse this.
This type of fluid would be used to treat hyponatremia.
What is a hypertonic solution?
Remember "low and slow" when assessing manifestations of this potassium disorder.
What is hypokalemia?
This is a common symptom of hypercalcemia.
What is (muscle weakness, constipation, bone pain, fatigue, kidney stones, decreased reflexes)
Patients with severe respiratory weakness would be diagnosed with this phosphate imbalance.
What is hypophosphatemia?
This magnesium imbalance causes severe cardiac changes including torsades de pointes.
What is hypomagnesemia?
Hypomagnesemia causes torsades de pointes (TdP) by disrupting normal cardiac ion flow, which significantly prolongs the QT interval and triggers abnormal electrical activity in the heart.
This serious neurological complication may occur with severe hyponatremia.
What is (seizure, cerebral edema, coma)?
This medication is commonly administered to stabilize the cardiac membrane during severe hyperkalemia?
What is calcium gluconate?
This medication is given to lower calcium levels in severe hypercalcemia.
What is Calcitonin?
Patients with TPN should be monitored closely for this condition which causes a depletion of phosphate as a common complication.
What is refeeding syndrome?
phosphate depletion is the hallmark metabolic complication of refeeding a severely malnourished person. When carbohydrates are reintroduced, a sudden insulin surge drives circulating phosphate, potassium, and magnesium into the cells. This depletes blood levels, causing severe hypophosphatemia
Magnesium is given to prevent seizures in this complication of pregnancy.
What is preeclampsia?
It works by naturally antagonizing calcium. By blocking calcium from entering cells, it relaxes blood vessels to lower blood pressure, improves cerebral blood flow, and reduces nerve excitability.