Potassium
The normal range for serum potassium
What is 3.5-5.0 mEq/L?
Source: McCuistion, L., Vuljoin-Dimaggio, K., Winton, M., & Yeager, J. Pharmacology: A patient-centered nursing process approach. (2018). p 166
The normal range for serum sodium.
What is 135-145 mEq/L?
Source: McCuistion, L., Vuljoin-Dimaggio, K., Winton, M., & Yeager, J. Pharmacology: A patient-centered nursing process approach. (2018). p 167
The normal range for calcium
What is 8.6-10.2 mg/dL?
Source: McCuistion, L., Vuljoin-Dimaggio, K., Winton, M., & Yeager, J. Pharmacology: A patient-centered nursing process approach. (2018). p 168
The normal range for Magnesium
What is 1.5 - 2.5 mEq/L?
Source: McCuistion, L., Vuljoin-Dimaggio, K., Winton, M., & Yeager, J. Pharmacology: A patient-centered nursing process approach. (2018). p 172
The body cannot store this electrolyte and requires an adequate intake daily.
What is potassium?
Source: McCuistion, L., Vuljoin-Dimaggio, K., Winton, M., and Yeager, J. Pharmacology: A patient-centered nursing process approach.(2018). p 163
These are three signs of hypokalemia.
What are nausea and vomiting, polyuria, abdominal distention, cardiac dysrhythmias, soft/flabby muscles?
Source: McCuistion, L., Vuljoin-Dimaggio, K., Winton, M., & Yeager, J. Pharmacology: A patient-centered nursing process approach. (2018). p 166
Three signs of hyponatremia
What are muscle weakness, headaches, lethargy, confusion, seizures, abdominal cramps, nausea, and vomiting, tachycardia, hypotension, pale skin, and dry mucous membranes?
Source: McCuistion, L., Vuljoin-Dimaggio, K., Winton, M., & Yeager, J. Pharmacology: A patient-centered nursing process approach. (2018). p 168
Three signs of hypocalcemia
What are tetany, muscle cramps, bleeding tendencies, and weak cardiac contractions?
Source: McCuistion, L., Vuljoin-Dimaggio, K., Winton, M., & Yeager, J. Pharmacology: A patient-centered nursing process approach. (2018). p 171
Three signs of hypomagnesemia
What are tetany-like symptoms (tremors, twitching of the face) and hypertension and ventricular fibrillation?
Source: McCuistion, L., Vuljoin-Dimaggio, K., Winton, M., & Yeager, J. Pharmacology: A patient-centered nursing process approach. (2018). p 172
This drug should not be given with calcium because of the risk of cardiac arrhythmias.
What is digoxin?
Source: McCuistion, L., Vuljoin-Dimaggio, K., Winton, M., and Yeager, J. Pharmacology: A patient-centered nursing process approach.(2018). p 171
These are Three signs of hyperkalemia
What are oliguria, nausea, abdominal cramps, tachycardia, weakness/numbness/tingling of the extremities?
Source: McCuistion, L., Vuljoin-Dimaggio, K., Winton, M., & Yeager, J. Pharmacology: A patient-centered nursing process approach. (2018). p 166
Three signs of hypernatremia
What are flushed dry skin, agitation, elevated body temp, rough/dry tongue, nausea and vomiting, anorexia, tachycardia, hypertension, muscle twitching, and hyperreflexia?
Source: McCuistion, L., Vuljoin-Dimaggio, K., Winton, M., & Yeager, J. Pharmacology: A patient-centered nursing process approach. (2018). p 168
Three signs of hypercalcemia
What are flabby muscles, pain over bony areas, and kidney stones?
Source: McCuistion, L., Vuljoin-Dimaggio, K., Winton, M., & Yeager, J. Pharmacology: A patient-centered nursing process approach. (2018). p 171
Three signs of hyper-magnesemia.
What are lethargy, drowsiness, weakness, and paralysis, loss of deep tendon reflexes, hypotension, and heart block?
Source: McCuistion, L., Vuljoin-Dimaggio, K., Winton, M., & Yeager, J. Pharmacology: A patient-centered nursing process approach. (2018). p 172
These four major drug classifications can cause hypokalemia.
What are laxatives, corticosteroids, antibiotics and potassium-wasting diuretics?
Source: McCuistion, L., Vuljoin-Dimaggio, K., Winton, M., and Yeager, J. Pharmacology: A patient-centered nursing process approach.(2018). p 164
It is the primary route for potassium loss.
What are the kidneys?
Source: McCuistion, L., Vuljoin-Dimaggio, K., Winton, M., and Yeager, J. Pharmacology: A patient-centered nursing process approach.(2018). p 163
The first symptoms of sodium deficit/ hyponatremia
What is thirst?
Source: McCuistion, L., Vuljoin-Dimaggio, K., Winton, M., and Yeager, J. Pharmacology: A patient-centered nursing process approach.(2018). p 167
The treatment for hypermagnesemia.
What is calcium gluconate?
Source: McCuistion, L., Vuljoin-Dimaggio, K., Winton, M., and Yeager, J. Pharmacology: A patient-centered nursing process approach.(2018). p 172
An electrolyte given to correct hypomagnesemia and for symptoms of digitalis toxicity.
What is magnesium sulfate?
Source: McCuistion, L., Vuljoin-Dimaggio, K., Winton, M., and Yeager, J. Pharmacology: A patient-centered nursing process approach.(2018). p 172
Anxiety can cause this acid base imbalance.
What is respiratory alkalosis?
Source: McCuistion, L., Vuljoin-Dimaggio, K., Winton, M., and Yeager, J. Pharmacology: A patient-centered nursing process approach.(2018). p 172
It is the percent of the body's potassium is found within the cell.
What is 98%?
Source: McCuistion, L., Vuljoin-Dimaggio, K., Winton, M., and Yeager, J. Pharmacology: A patient-centered nursing process approach.(2018). p 162
What is the daily dietary requirement for Sodium?
2000 mg to 4000 mg.
Source: McCuistion, L., Vuljoin-Dimaggio, K., Winton, M., and Yeager, J. Pharmacology: A patient-centered nursing process approach.(2018). p 167
Foods that are rich in these enhance calcium absorption.
What are protein and vitamin D?
Source: McCuistion, L., Vuljoin-Dimaggio, K., Winton, M., and Yeager, J. Pharmacology: A patient-centered nursing process approach.(2018). p 172
An antibiotic that can lead to ototoxicity and can cause hypomagnesemia.
What is gentamicin?
Source: McCuistion, L., Vuljoin-Dimaggio, K., Winton, M., and Yeager, J. Pharmacology: A patient-centered nursing process approach.(2018). p 172
This electrolyte plays a role in maintaining normal calcium and potassium balance.
What is magnesium.
Source: McCuistion, L., Vuljoin-Dimaggio, K., Winton, M., and Yeager, J. Pharmacology: A patient-centered nursing process approach.(2018). p 172