Electrons in Atoms

Electromagnetic Spectrum

100

Using the electromagnetic spectrum (you can google it-it will be provided on the quest), which color of the visible spectrum corresponds to 550 nm wavelengths

green

200

what is the relationship between frequency and wavelength?  

inversely proportional- longer wavelength = lower frequency; shorter wavelength = higher frequency

(c=(wavelength)(frequency))

300

What is the relationship between frequency and energy?

directly proportional; higher frequency = higher energy (E=hv where E is energy and v is frequency)

400

A gamma ray has a wavelength of 2.15 x 10^-12 m.  Calculate its frequency.

1.40 x 10²⁰ Hz (1/s)

500

What is the energy in Joules of radiation with a frequency of 8.74 x 10¹² Hz (1/s) (4 points)?

5.79 x 10^-21 J

Vocabulary

100

Ground state in terms of electron energies refers to what?

the lowest energy state available

200

The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle says...

states that the position and momentum of an electron in an atom cannot be found precisely because measuring the electron changes its momentum and position

300

How would you define an electron orbital?

region of most probable electron location

400

What is one component of the photoelectric effect?

Photoelectrons are emitted from a metal’s surface when light of a certain frequency shines on the surface; Explains how incident light can be converted into electrical energy; Intensity of light has no effect on when photoelectrons will be emitted from the surface of the metal, only the frequency matters

500

List the 3 wave characteristics and give a brief explanation of each.

wavelength: length between equal points (successive crests or troughs) on a wave

frequency: the number of waves passing through in a given time (waves/s= 1/s)

amplitude: the height of a wave from the equilibrium position (half the height from the crest to the trough)

Electron Configurations

100

Write the unabbreviated ground state electron configuration for Ge.

1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p²

200

Electron configuration for oxygen

1s²2s²2p⁴

300

electron configuration for vanadium

1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶4s²3d³

400

electron configuration for beryllium 

1s²2s²

500

noble gas abbreviated electron configuration for calcium

[Ar]4s²

Electrons

100

Define a valence electron

the electrons in the outer most energy levels that occupy the s and p orbitals

200

During a flame test, a lithium salt produces a characteristic red flame. This red color is produced when electrons in excited lithium atoms do what?

return to lower energy states after being excited (energy is released during this process)

300

How many electrons can each sublevel hold when it is completely full?  Which energy sublevel has the highest energy?

f has the highest energy

f-14

d-10

p-6

s-2

400

When a molecule has a +2 charge, what does this mean in terms of its number of protons vs. number of electrons?

+2 = 2 less electrons than protons

500

How many valence electrons would the molecule HNO₃ have?

24

Lewis Structures

100

Draw the lewis structure of H₂O

H--O--H (two lone pairs on the oxygen) 8 valence electrons total

200

Draw the lewis structure for NH₃.

H--N--H

      l

      H

(lone pair on nitrogen; 8 total valence electrons)

300

Draw the lewis structure for CF₄

C is central atom bonded to all four F atoms with three lone pairs around each fluorine atom for a grand total of 32 valence electrons

400

Draw the lewis structure for SF₂

F---S---F with two lone pairs on the S and 3 lone pairs on each F for a total of 20 valence electrons

500

Draw the lewis structure for HCN

H--C-(triple bond)-N with a single lone pair on the nitrogen for a total of 10 valence electrons