Electrons: Particles or Waves?

Electronic History

100

Stated that electrons have orbits

Niels Bohr

200

Stated that light was made of a stream of corpuscles.

Albert Einstein

300

Used blackbody radiation to define the minimal amount of energy that any matter can gain or lose.

Max Planck

400

Treated the electron like a wave

Erwin Schrödinger

500

Stated the particles, like light, could have wave characteristics.

Louis de Broglie

Nature of Light

100

All electromagnetic waves travel at this speed.

3 x 10⁸ m/s

200

The product of these two characteristics of waves is equal to its speed.

Wavelength and frequency

300

The energy in one photon is calculated using this relationship.

E = hv, E = energy of photon, h = Planck's Constant, v = frequency

400

The frequency of the wavelength 4 x 10^-8 m.

7.5 x 10¹⁵ Hz

500

The energy of the wavelength 7.2 x 10^-11 m.

E = 2.76 x 10^-15 J

Nature of Electrons

100

The minimum amount of energy that any matter can absorb or release.

Quantum

200

Light of specific colors are released when electrons transition between these two states.

Ground state and excited state

300

The electrons reside on 7 of these within the atom

Energy Levels

400

These are located within the atom, and can only house 2 electrons

Orbitals

500

These are within the atom and they all have different shapes and orientations based on their locations.

Sublevels or subshells.

Name That Element

100

1s²2s²2p⁶

Neon

200

1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶4s¹

Potassium

300

1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶4s²3d¹⁰4p⁶5s²4d⁸

Palladium

400

1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶4s²3d¹⁰4p⁶5s²4d¹⁰5p⁴

Tellurium

500

1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶4s²3d¹⁰4p⁶5s²4d¹⁰5p¹⁰6p¹

Cesium

What's That Address?

100

Boron

1s²2s²2p¹

200

Silicon

1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p²

300

Copper

1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶4s²3d⁹

400

Indium

1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶4s²3d¹⁰4p⁶5s²4d¹⁰5p¹

or

[Kr] 5s²4d¹⁰5p¹

500

Astatine

1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶4s²3d¹⁰4p⁶5s²4d¹⁰5p⁶6s²4f¹⁴5d¹⁰6p⁵

or

[Xe] 6s²4f¹⁴5d¹⁰6p⁵